Boston
June 28 - July 2
1997 ASHRAE Technical Program

Sunday
June 29, 1997
8:00 am - 10:00 am

All 8 a.m. SESSIONS ARE CONCURRENT
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Westin Hotel

Technical Session 1
Room: America Center

ASHRAE 786 RP: Using Manufacturer's Acoustical Data (4053) (RP-786)
Charles Ebbing, Member, CMU Engineering, Syracuse, New York, Warren E. Blazier, Fellow ASHRAE, Warren Blazier Associates, Inc., San Francisco, California
APC Liaison: Maureen Grasso
This paper outlines the results of ASHRAE research project 786-RP entitled "Guide to the Proper Application and Use of Manufacturer's Sound Data on HVAC&R Equipment" whose scope was to prepare a guidebook on how to utilize manufacturers' published acoustical data in the design of quiet HVAC systems. The principal objective of this project was to develop a practical user-friendly guide which provided information on acoustical testing, prediction, and rating procedures currently used by the industry, and how these are related to the proper application of HVAC data to noise control in system design.

Deferred Heat Supply for Space Heating Using a Capacity-Limiting-Device - A Beneficial Approach for District Heating (4054)
Alexander L. Burd, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Advanced Research Technology, Suffield, Connecticut
Chair: Maureen Grasso, Ph.D., Member, University of NC, Greensboro, North Carolina
Design requirements and actual modes of operation for the innovative combined space heating and domestic hot water control system in consumer heating substations are introduced along with recommendations for the system application in district heating. The system is completely ontrollable and its mode of operation can be predicted by computer simulation. The control system benefits district heating by minimizing the first and operating costs and by improving district heating reliability of heat supply to the consumers.

Field Study of Office Thermal Comfort Using Questionnaire Software (4052)
Guy Newsham, Ph.D., National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Dale K. Tiller, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
APC Liaison: Maureen Grasso
Custom software to automatically administer questionnaires on computer screens was installed on computers in four open-plan offices. Five questions related to thermal comfort were presented twice per day for three months. Results indicate that this new method of subjective data collection was successful and efficient: the participants had few complaints about the method of questionnaire delivery; and a substantial literature review demonstrates that our results are comparable with results from other field studies of thermal comfort conducted using different methods.

Symposium BN-97-01
Room: America South
Demand Controlled Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
Sponsor: TC 1.04 Control Theory and Application
Chair: Gaylen V. Atkinson, Member, Atkinson Electronics, Inc., Murray, Utah
APC Liaison: Jim Norman
The introduction of outdoor air into an occupied space is the usual technique to reduce the concentration of pollutants. Controlling the ventilation rate of outdoor air on a demand basis by measuring the indoor air quality with either a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor or a carbon dioxide sensor allows for the introduction of outdoor air on an as-needed basis. The problem of controlling the ventilation of outdoor air down to the space level is compounded in variable air volume systems. Significant energy savings can be realized by not having to heat or cool unnecessary excessive amounts of outdoor air. This symposium addresses relevant topics on demand controlled ventilation.

1. Using Carbon Dioxide Measurements to Determine Occupancy for Ventilation Controls
Yu-Pei Ke, Student Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, Stanley A. Mumma, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania

2. Demand Controlled Ventilation of an Entertainment Club
Gaylen V. Atkinson, Member, Atkinson Electronics, Inc., Murray, Utah

3. Simulation Results and Analysis of Eight Ventilation Control Strategies in VAV Systems
Yu-Pei Ke, Student Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, Stanley A. Mumma, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, Dennis Stanke, Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, Wisconsin

Seminar 1
Room: America Center
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Sponsor: TC 6.10 Fuels and Combustion
Chair: Raymond J. Albrecht, P.E., Member, NYS ERDA, Albany, New York
APC Liaison: Debra Catanese
Market interest and environmental regulations are leading to the development of heating systems with improved energy and environmental performance. New technologies for natural gas and oil-fired combustion systems can contribute to reduced global warming and atmospheric pollution. The development and testing of new technologies for residential and commercial space heating are described, focusing on efficiency, usage patterns, and emissions of NOx, carbon monoxide and fine particulates, including the techniques used to measure or reduce emissions and the test results obtained.

1. Wet Recuperated Combustion Technology
David L. Brownell, P.E., Yankee Scientific, Inc., Medfield, Massachusetts

2. Analysis of Gas Fireplace Usage from Real Homes
A.C.S. Hayden, CANMET Energy Technology Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Jim Clark, NRCan CETC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

3. Effect of Excess Air Level on the Rate of Fouling of Oil-Fired Heating Boilers
Yusuf Celebi, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York

4. Implications and Impact of New Air Quality Standards (AQS) on Source Emission Regulations and Monitoring
Robert Stevens, US EPA, RTP, North Carolina

Seminar 2
Room: Essex South
GLP and cGMP for Laboratories
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Chair: Leonard Schwartz, P.E., Member, Strategic Planning and Engineering, Basking Ridge, New Jersey
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan
The design, construction, renovation, commissioning and relevant regulations that impact the HVAC systems used for facilities in biomedical research are presented. These facilities are primarily found at pharmaceutical research laboratories, governmental installations and at the research facilities of universities. Validation may be required in certain facilities or situations to comply with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). The decision to validate may be prompted by a desire to comply with the United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Drug Administration or the American Association for Advancement of Laboratory Animal Care rules, guides or regulations.

1. GLP and cGMP for Laboratories
David B. Latta, P.E., Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania

2. Pharmaceutical Clinical Manufacturing Facilities Design
E. Mitchell Swann, P.E., Member, Hatch Biodynamic Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

3. The Process of Commissioning in a Controlled Environment
Tim O'Connor, Member, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Zebulon, North Carolina

4. Renovation of a Pharmaceutical R&D Solids Area
Henry J. Vance, P.E., Member, Vance Professional Services, Wilmington, Delaware

5. Validation of Animal Facilities
Leonard Schwartz, P.E., Member, Strategic Planning and Engineering, Basking Ridge, New Jersey

Seminar 3
Room: Adams
How Will Future Standards Impact Supermarket Design?
Sponsor: TC 10.07 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Chair: Paul Reed, DuPont Fluoroproducts
APC Liaison: Ron Howell
A typical supermarket has a variety of operating environments ranging from a pharmacy to a bakery. Supermarkets also contain large mechanical systems conditioning air for people and products. Meeting the needs created by codes pertaining to system design while maintaining cost effectiveness represents a special challenge for manufacturers, designers and engineers. Various speakers address the revisions and additions to existing ASHRAE standards, specifically standards 15 and 62, and how these will impact supermarkets. Also addressed is the FDA's efforts to assure food safety through new standards and their effect on mechanical systems for food reservation.

1. ASHRAE Standard 62-89R Proposed Revisions and Impact on Supermarkets
Michael J. Guldenstern, Associate Member, Shaws Supermarket, Brockton, Massachusetts

2. Revisions to Standard 15 and Impact on Supermarket Design
Mike Tavares, Member, Travelers Insurance, Marietta, Georgia

3. Impact on FDA Food Code on Supermarkets
Arden Munson, Hussmann Corp., Bridgeton, Missouri

Seminar 4
Room: America North
Implementation and Application of Neural - Network Based Controls
Sponsors: TC 4.06 Building Operation Dynamics; 1.04 Control Theory and Application
Chair: Jan F. Kreider, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
The usefulness of neural net-based controls in the building industry has been theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated in the laboratory during the past few years. One of the most important attributes of the neural nets is the ability to be trained to replicate the behavior of nearly any HVAC system or subsystem with sufficient accuracy to permit precise control. This seminar reports on methods and results from four projects using neural net assisted controllers.

1. Neural Net Based PID Control Algorithm
Gideon Shavit, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Honeywell, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois

2. Field Implementation of Neural - Net Based Control Algorithms
Randall Bohlman, Member, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota

3. Neural Network Applications to Optimal TES Control
Darrell Massie, P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

4. Neural Network Applications to Chiller Diagnostics
Margaret Bailey, P.E., Student Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Seminar 5
Room: Essex Center
Process Air Systems for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Spaces
Sponsor: TC 9.02 Industrial Air Conditioning
Chair: Michael C. Connor, P.E., Member, Talka & Connor Architects and Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia
APC Liaison: Jim Norman
Process air systems perform a variety of functions in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. Stringent temperature control is a must, but also control of solvent vapor concentrations and explosion venting are additional considerations. The systems must reliably control the manufacturing environment even after upset conditions such as a wash down of the space or equipment. The four speakers will explain the procedures from concept design to commissioning.

1. Closed Loop Air Handling System for Tablet Coating - A Case Study
Paul Skinner, P.E., CE&IC, Burlington, New Jersey

2. Design of Process Air System for Spray Dryer
Vitthal Shah, P.E., Member, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois

3. Optimum Sizing of a Dessicant Wheel Dehumidifier
John McFarland, Associate Member, McKenney's , Inc., Atlanta, Georgia

4. Design, Construction, Start-Up & Commissioning of Process Air Systems
Timothy O'Connor, P.E., Member, Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Seminar 6
Room: Essex West
Switching from Halocarbons to Ammonia: Rationale and Results
Sponsor: TC 10.01 Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems
Chair: Harold E. (Ted) Martin, P.E., Member, Cimco Refrigeration, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell
There has been a renewed interest in the use of ammonia as a refrigerant. This seminar presents a brief history of refrigerants and some facts about ammonia as a refrigerant and addresses efficiency, safety, codes and regulation. Two case studies involving switching from a halocarbon refrigerant to ammonia are presented. Also, this seminar addresses the decision process about which refrigerant and type of compressor to use. The first case study is a 3,000 horsepower R-12 centrifugal chiller plant serving a frozen meat warehouse. This plant is replaced with a new plant using ammonia and screw compressors. The new plant was designed with energy efficiency in mind, and the net result was a reduction in energy use of over 20%. The second case study relates the replacement of R-22 with ammonia in a poultry chilling operation.

1. Ammonia: The Alternate Refrigerant With 140 Years of History
David Ward, P.E., Member, HEC Inc, Natick, MA

2. Replacement of R-12 with Ammonia: A Case Study of a Frozen Food and Meat Processing Warehouse
David MacIntosh, P.E., Member, HEC Inc., Natick, MA

3. What Should I Do? The Decision Process from a Plant Owner's Perspective
Tom O'Donnell, P.E., Member, Coors Brewing Company, Denver, Colorado

Forum 1
8:00 am - 8:50 am
Room: Essex East
Coordination of Chapter 11- District Heating and Cooling with Related Chapters
Sponsor: TC 6.02 District Heating and Cooling
Moderator: Robert A. Bunn, P.E., Member, Barge, Waggoner, Sumner & Cannon, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
This forum explores the relationship of this chapter in the Systems and Equipment volume of the ASHRAE Handbook with other chapters and handbooks in an effort to reduce redundancy as well as conflicting information. This forum explores the interest in incorporating co-generation and thermal storage into the district heating and cooling chapter and/or combining the technical committee functions.

Forum 2
8:00 am - 8:50 am
Room: Essex North
Correlation of Sound Quality to Verbal Descriptions
Sponsor: TC 2.06 Sound and Vibration Control
Moderator: Neil Moiseev, Member, Cerami & Associates, Inc., New York, New York
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny
A presentation and discussion of the terms used to describe interior noise levels: i.e., rumble, roar, hiss, hum, tones, and examples. Examples of speech interference and non-interference and of FPVAV, diffuser noise, damper noise, regenerated turbulence, and a fan operating at a poor location on its curve are presented. A sound sample and frequency spectrum are displayed simultaneously via a computer screen projection. A specific, detailed description of the source of the noise and its verbal description of the noise will also be presented.

Forum 3
9:00 am - 9:50 am
Room: Essex East
ASHRAE's Role in Developing Sustainable Technologies
Sponsor: TC 1.10 Energy Resources
Moderator: Paul M. Zeigler, P.E., Associate Member, NCSBCS, Herndon, Virginia
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
Architects, engineers and building owners have a growing interest in sustainable building technologies and the use of renewable energy resources. What can ASHRAE do to overcome the economic barriers which often thwart the development and use of sustainable building technologies? What alliances must be established beyond and within ASHRAE, and what affirmative action can ASHRAE take to help further the development of sustainable technologies and building systems which better utilize renewable energy sources and reduce emissions and overall environmental impact?

Forum 4
9:00 am - 9:50 am
Room: Essex North
ASHRAE's Role in Multi-Disciplinary Standards
Sponsor: ASHRAE Standards Committee ; 2.01 Physiology and Human Environment
Moderator: Dan Int-Hout, Member, Titus, Richardson, Texas
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny
The President has formed an Ad-Hoc committee on this subject, looking at the scope of ASHRAE standards in general, and two standards in particular, Standards 62 and 90.1. It is stated that the large number of public review comments on these two standards is indicative of a problem with the standards process and preparation of public review drafts. Some technical committees have further expressed a concern that their opinions do not get sufficient attention by the SSPCs. This forum addresses ASHRAE procedures for complaints regarding the ASHRAE process, the current make-up of Standard 62 and 90.1, and the number of public review comments on these two standards.

Sunday
June 29, 1997
10:15 am - 12:15 pm

All 10:15 a.m. SESSIONS ARE CONCURRENT
All technical sessions are scheduled in Westin Hotel

Technical Session 2
Room: Staffordshire

Energy Saving Opportunities for Positive Displacement Air Compressors (4056)
Karen Smith, Ph.D., Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, Howard Shapiro, Ph.D., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
This paper represents part of a three year field study focusing on reducing heating and cooling loads, and on the energy used by boilers and compressors in industrial facilities (Smith, 1996). This paper focuses on lowering the compressor exit pressure and using colder intake air. Energy auditors believe that these modifications will reduce the power consumptions. Data collected show that power is not decreased by using colder intake air. An evaluation of positive displacement compressor theory shows this is expected. A theory showing that the time to compress the air will decrease for colder intake air was evaluated and validated using data collected on a small reciprocating compressor.

Evaluation of Ozone-Friendly Hydrofluoropropane-Based Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures in a Lorenz-Meutzner Refrigerator/Freezer (4058)
Evelyn Baskin, Ph.D., Member, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Evren S. Bayoglu, Acurex Environmental Corp., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Francis R. Delafield, Acurex Environmental Corp., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
The design of the Lorenz-Meutzner (LM) refrigerator/freezor (R/F) has two evaporators which makes it a leading candidate for use of zeotropic refrigerant mixtures. Zeotropic mixtures can have significant temperatures glides during evaporation and condensation. Performance of the zeotropic mixture can be maximized in the LM design by permitting the lower end of the temperature glide to occur in the freezer compartment evaporator and the higher end in the fresh food compartment evaporator. Several hydrofluoropropane-based zeotropes have been shown through steady-state modeling to outperform HFC-134a by up to 15 percent. In the study presented in this paper, LM R/F having two evaporators and two intercoolers was experimentally tested in an environmental chamber according to Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers/Department of Energy (AHAM/DOE) testing standards using several hydrofluoropropane-based zeotropic

Experimental Investigation of an Advanced Adsorption Refrigeration Cycle (4057)
Bidyut B. Saha, Member, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan, Takao Kashiwagi, Tokyo University of A&T, Tokyo, Japan
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
Experimental measurements are made for a silica-gel-water advanced adsorption refrigeration chiller to evaluate its performance under different temperature and adsorption/desorption cycle time conditions. This paper describes the operating principle of the chiller, outlines the experimental hardware, and discusses results obtained by varying the cooling and hot water inlet temperatures and adsorption/desorption cycle times, as well as their agreements with the simulated.

Performance of Nozzle-Sprayed Ammonia Evaporator with Square-Pitch Plain-Tube Bundle (4059) (RP-725)
Xin Zeng, Ph.D., Member, Value Climate Control, Rochester Hills, Michigan, Ming C. Chyu, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, Z. H. Ayub, ThermoFluid International, Arlington, Texas
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
Spray evaporation experiment was conducted using commercial nozzles distributing liquid ammonia. The effects of heat flux, saturation temperature, spray flow rate, nozzle height, and nozzle type (standard-angle or wide-angle) were investigated. The spray evaporation heat transfer performance was compared with pool boiling heat transfer performance of the same tube bundle. A correlation was developed based on the spray evaporation experimental data.

Symposium BN-97-02
Room: America North
Installation Problems with Unitary Residential Heat Pump and Air-Conditioner Systems
Sponsor: TC 7.06 Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Chair: Dennis L. O'Neal, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
APC Liaison: Jim Norman
Millions of unitary air conditioners and heat pumps are installed yearly in residences in the U.S. While most are installed properly and perform as expected, there continue to be difficulties because of installation problems. Some systems are not sized properly, others have duct leakage, while others have too much or too low evaporator air flow. This symposium examines some of the common installation problems and their impact on system performance.

1. Impact of Evaporator Coil Air Flow in Residential Air Conditioning Systems
Danny S. Parker, Associate Member, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida, J.R. Sherwin, Student Member, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida, Richard A. Raustad, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida, Don B. Shirey, III, Member, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida

2. Field Measurement of New Residential Air Conditioners in Phoenix, Arizona
John Proctor, P.E., Member, Proctor Engineering Group, San Rafael, California

3. Application and Installation Quality Analysis of Residential Heat Pump Equipment in Alabama
John F. Parker, Member, Alabama Power Company, HPTC, Clanton, Alabama

4. The Effect of Residential Equipment Capacity on Energy Use, Demand and Run-Time (4082)
Patrick James, Florida Power and Light Co., Miami, Florida, JoEllen Cummings, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida, Jeff Sonne, Associate Member, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida, Robin K. Vieira, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida, Jon F. Klongerbo, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, Florida

Seminar 7
Room: Essex South
Building Life-Cycle Information Systems
Sponsor: TC 1.05 Computer Applications
Chair: Rob Hitchcock, Ph.D., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
APC Liaison: Ron Howell
Ongoing improvements in electronic information systems for building design, construction, and O&M have paved the way for the emergence of life-cycle information systems. Current examples of building software include CAD, energy simulation software, data acquisition and energy analysis and tracking software, EMCS, and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems. Efforts to ensure that these systems are interoperable are underway. This seminar reviews the fundamental concepts of building life-cycle information systems, exploring research directions and presenting examples of current state-of-the art applications.

1. Case Study: Commissioning and Facility Management Information System
Ron Luque, P.E., Member, Engineering Economics, Inc., Temecula, California

2. Assuring Building Performance with Life-Cycle Information Systems
Steve Selkowitz, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California

3. The IAI and Building Life-Cycle Information Systems
Scott E. Frank, P.E., Associate Member, Jaros Baum & Bolles, New York, New York

4. Building Life-Cycle Information Systems and Continuous Commissioning
Mingsheng Liu, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

Seminar 8
Room: America South
Fine Particulate Measurements for IAQ Investigations
Sponsor: TC 2.04 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate
Chair: Pat Keady, Member, TSI Incorporated, St. Paul, Minnesota
APC Liaison: Debra Catanese
Airborne particulate contaminants can be detrimental to human health and comfort and are an important factor in maintaining acceptable indoor air quality. This two-part seminar looks at how outdoor pollutants contribute to the indoor environment, particle sources within buildings, and the relationship between area concentrations and personal exposures. Data describing the physical, chemical, and biological properties of particles are presented with a discussion of the potential impact on human health. State-of-the-art measurement methods and instrumentation and a review of particulate standards around the world are included.

1. Considerations in the Measurements of Indoor Fine and Coarse Particles
William E. Wilson, Ph.D., US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

2. Characterization of Indoor Particulate Sources in Four Homes in the Boston Metropolitan Area
Eileen N. Abt, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

3. Characterizing Personal Exposures to Fine Particulate Matter and Their Relationships to Indoor and Outdoor
Barbara Turpin, Ph.D., Rutgers Cook College, New Brunswick, New Jersey

4. Issues in Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particulate Measurements in Residential and Commercial Buildings
David Y.H. Pui, Ph.D., Member, University of Minnesota, Particulate Tech. Lab., Minneapolis, Minnesota, Thomas H. Kuehn, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Minnesota, Particulate Tech. Lab., Minneapolis, Minnesota

Seminar 9
Room: Essex Center
Fire and Smoke Control Evaluation Techniques
Sponsor: TC 5.06 Control of Fire andSmoke
Chair: James S. Buckley, P.E., Member, 3D/International, Houston, Texas
APC Liaison: James S. Buckley
Engineers and designers need techniques to determine the capacity of all systems especially those systems that control fire and smoke. This seminar discusses the advances in CONTAM while also reviewing network flow modeling. A presentation is included on a new concept in the use of elevators for evacuation. The seminar discusses smoke toxicity.

1. Recent Developments to Aid Smoke Control Design
George Walton, P.E., Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland

2. Fire Applications of Network Flow Modeling
James A. Milke, Ph.D., P.E., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland

3. Elevator Use During Fires
John H. Klote, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland

4. Smoke Toxicity Versus Smoke Hazard
Frederic B. Clarke, Ph.D., Benjamin Clarke Associates, Arlington, Virginia

Seminar 10
Room: America Center
Industrial Environmental Control Systems, A Team Approach
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Chair: Timothy J. O'Connor, P.E., Associate Member, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Zebulon, North Carolina
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
Implementation of an industrial environmental control system, especially in facilities regulated by the FDA, requires teamwork. The translation of user requirements to a working design document, then to a construction project, and finally, at turnover, back to the requester can only be accomplished by establishing a team of experts. Each team member must understand his area and the important interface to all other areas. This seminar presents a control system that all presenters have worked on.

1. Design Development of Industrial Control Systems: A User Perspective
Tim O'Connor, P.E., Associate Member, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Zebulon, North Carolina

2. Industrial Control of HVAC: Electrical Design, Control Software and Installation
Dave A. Van Manen, Instrument Control Service, King of Prussia, PA

3. Commissioning and Validation of Environmental Control Systems in a cGMP Facility
Robert Chew, Commissioning Agents, Indianapolis, Indiana

4. An Operation View of an Industrial Control System
Randal J. Goller, Apex Bioscience, Inc., RTP, North Carolina

Seminar 11
Room: Essex West
International Standard Activities in the Area of Energy Use and HVAC Systems in Buildings
Sponsors: SSPC 55, SSPC 62, SSPC 90.1
Chair: Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Member, D.F. Liedelt "Velta" GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
During the past six years, intensive work on standardization has taken place in Europe. The goal is to establish uniform standards in Europe among the countries who are members of EFTA and the European Union. In the building and HVAC area, standards mainly for products have been published. Now design of systems and calculation methods are being standardized. This seminar outlines the procedures used in co-operation between CEN and ISO to develop standards. Also, ongoing standardization related to the indoor climate, energy use in buildings, ventilation systems and heating systems is presented.

1. How ISO-CEN Standards are Developed
Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Member, D.F. Liedelt "Velta" GmbH, Norderstadt, Germany

2. CEN/ISO Standardization for Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment
Gunnar Langkilde, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

3. CEN/ISO Standardization for Energy Use in Buildings
Jaap Hogeling, Member, ISSO, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

4. CEN/ISO Standardization for Ventilation Systems in Buildings
Peter Jackman, BSRIA (The Bldg. Svcs. Research & Info. Assoc.), Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom

5. CEN/ISO Standardization for Heating Systems in Buildings
Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D., Member, D.F. Liedlet "Velta" GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany

Forum 5
10:15 am - 11:15 am
Room: Essex East
Have We Forgotten the "Forgotten Fundamentals of the Energy Crisis"?
Sponsor: TC 1.10 Energy Resources
Moderator: Mark E. Case, P.E., Member, etc Group, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
In 1983, Prof. A.A. Bartlett from the University of Colorado delivered a keynote address at ASHRAE -- a meeting that presented a unique perspective on the power and effects of exponential growth. ASHRAE later produced a video titled "Forgotten Fundamentals of the Energy Crisis." This forum discusses the questions: (1) Are the lessons embodied in this video still pertinent to the members of ASHRAE? (2) Has ASHRAE forgotten this message? (3) What can (or should) ASHRAE do to update and disseminate these concepts?

Forum 6
10:15 am - 11:15 am
Room: Adams
Is ASHRAE Standard 55 An Operating Standard As Well As A Design Standard?
Sponsor: TC 2.01 Physiology and Human Environment
Moderator: Karl Brown, P.E., Member, California Institute for Energy Efficiency, Berkeley, California
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny
ASHRAE Standard 55 "Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy," has been crafted mostly as a design standard - to define the capability of a building. Requirements and guidance are oriented toward load calculations and one-time verification of conditions. Of interest for adoption by model code organizations, this standard is now being revised in mandatory language. Proving compliance in continuous operation is different from proving capability, with responsibility falling to different parties. What will be required to create a practical, citable, and enforceable operating standard?

Forum 7
10:15 am - 11:15 am
Room: Essex North
Is There History After the Centennial?
Sponsor: Historical Committee
Moderator: Manuel F. Lizcano, P.E., Member, Lizcano Consulting Engineers Inc., San Antonio, Texas
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan
The centennial is over. The Society's Historical Committee, the Regional Historians and the Chapter Historians and their committees have done a superb job in the celebration. Now what? Are the papers put in boxes and the pens put in drawers to wait for the next "call to arms"? There is a lot of history in our industry consisting of men and women, ideas, inventions, discoveries, design firms, contacting companies, manufactures, representatives, teachers and trainers. This forum focuses on the need for continued work in data gathering, archiving and preserving the stories that make up the continuing history of ASHRAE and its industry.

Forum 9
11:15 am - 12:05 pm
Room: Essex East
Optimization of Performance and Energy Conservation for Central Plants - - Who is Doing It? Is a TG Needed?
Sponsor: TC 9.01 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems
Moderator: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., Member, HDR, Inc., Omaha, Nebraska
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
The goal of this forum is to explore and to provide an opportunity for input from individuals and TCs to assess "Who is Advancing the Art and Science for Total System Optimization, Performance and Energy Conservation for Chilled Water and Boiler Plants." A number of questions are presented, such as how does KWh/Ton change when primary pumping energy is factored in? Establishing realistic Industry criteria or goals--not code dictation. Does a TC or TRG need to be developed to be developed to advance this segment of our industry?

Forum 8
11:15 am - 12:05 pm
Room: Adams
How Do Supermarkets Adjust to New Standards?
Sponsor: TC 10.07 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Moderator: John Vana, Hill Phoenix
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny
Participants can share experiences in dealing with the various standards that govern building and mechanical system design. With ASHRAE Standard 15 and 62 playing a large role in the design function, future revisions have the potential to significantly impact supermarket installation and operation. Participants will have the opportunity to share visions on how FDA regulations and proposed ASHRAE Standard revisions will influence the work they perform.

Forum 10
11:15 am - 12:05 pm
Room: Essex North
Why History?
Sponsor: Historical Committee
Moderator: Bernard A. Nagengast, P.E., Member, Kointainer Company, Sidney, Ohio
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell
For most people history is a mass of factural information held together by vague impressions. The seemingly infinite number of fact can be overwhelming. Why should engineers be interested in the history of their organization, of their industry, of the men and women that came before them? This forum reflects on the meanings, values, and applications of history, this fascinating, frustrating, instructive, inexact and the most universal of disciplines.

Sunday
June 29, 1997
12:30 pm - 2:30 pm

All 12:30 p.m. SESSIONS ARE CONCURRENT
All technical sessions are scheduled in Westin Hotel

Seminar 12
12:30 pm - 1:30 pm
Room: St. George
First Time At a Society Meeting - This Seminar's for You!
Sponsor: St. George Speaker's Lounge
Chair: Jim Vallort, Member, Northern Illinois Gas, Aurora, Illinois
APC Liaison: Jim Vallort, Northern Illinois Gas
This seminar introduces new meeting attendees to the events of a Society meeting - how to get involved in a technical committee, what is the difference between a symposium and a seminar, and how to become part of the meeting program. The role of ASHRAE staff in a meeting, and the events that surround the AHR Exposition will be explained. And if you're not having fun yet, the technical tours, guest and "special events" (how to have fun at ASHRAE) will be discussed.

1. Technical Committees, Technical Program and Committee Meetings at a Society Meeting
Marvin Thedford, P.E., Member, TU Electric, Dallas, Texas

2. ASHRAE Staff and Their Role in a Society Meeting
Lawrence C. Markel, Member, Electrotec Concepts Inc., Knoxville, Tennessee

3. The Exposition, Technical Tours and the Fun Side of a Society Meeting
Sally McInerny, P.E., Member, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Symposium BN-97-03
Room: Essex Center
Inhibited Glycol Mixtures versus Freezing and HVAC&R System Efficiency
Sponsor: TC 8.10 Pumps and Hyrdonic Piping
Chair: Charles G. Arnold, P.E., Member, Henningson, Durham & Richardson, Inc., Omaha, Nebraska
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan
This symposium compares the trade-offs of freeze and corrosion protection provided by inhibited glycol-water mixtures against how they influence HVAC&R system efficiencies in heat transfer at coils, chillers and other heat exchangers. Engineering considerations for the design of efficient pumping and distribution systems for inhibited glycol-water mixtures are addressed as well as a review of functional techniques.

1. Why Use Glycols in HVAC Systems
Donald M. Eppelheimer, P.E., Member, Trane Company, La Crosse, Wisconsin

2. Inhibited Glycols in Piping Distribution Systems - Some Disasters that Could Have Been Easily Prevented!
James L. Denkmann, Member, Denkmann Thermal Storage, Chicago, Illinois

3. Pumping Glycol Solutions in the HVAC Industry
James B. Rishel, P.E., Fellow/ Life ASHRAE, Systecon, Inc., West Chester, Ohio, James P. Schlachter, Associate Member, Systecon Inc., West Chester, Ohio

4. Inhibited Ethylene and Propylene Glycol for Corrosion and Freeze Protection in Water-Based HVAC Systems
Anthony M. de Roo, Member, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, Budd W. Lee, Member, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan

Seminar 13
Room: America North
Becoming a Power User of the Latest ASHRAE Electronic Tools
Sponsor: Special Publications Committee
Chair: Arthur D. Hallstrom, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, Lexington, Kentucky
APC Liaison: Arthur D. Hallstrom, P.E.
Four new electronic products containing a wealth of information have been published by ASHRAE: the ASHRAE HandbookCD, the BACnetCD, the Philadelphia TransactionsCD, and the Journal of HVAC&R on CD. Presenters in this seminar will demonstrate the products and describe their benefits for ASHRAE members.

1. TransactionsCD/HVAC&R ResearchCD: Papers at Your Fingertips
W. Stephen Comstock, Affiliate, ASHRAE, Atlanta, Georgia

2. ASHRAE Handbook CD: Finding the Information You Need When You Want It
Lynn G. Bellenger, P.E., Member, The Sear-Brown Group, Rochester, New York

3. BACnetCD: A Powerful Tool to Help You Use the BACnet Standard
David M. Fisher, Member, Polarsoft Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

4. ASHRAE Web Crawling: Explore the ASHRAE Homepage and Learn What It Can Do for You
Richard Linton, P.E., Member, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Seminar 14
Room: Staffordshire
Direct Expansion Ammonia Revisited
Sponsor: TC 10.01 Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems
Chair: Jim Shepherd, Member, Toromont Process Systems, North Salt Lake, Utah
APC Liaison: Jim Norman
Direct expansion has been used on halocarbon refrigerants; however, ammonia direct expansion is a different story because of its low mass flow due to its very high latent heat content. The size of orifice required for ammonia is very small compared to halocarbons which presents a hardware design challenge. With the current documentation and reporting requirements for large NH3 charges and the environmental and operational problems associated with some of the alternative refrigerants, there is a new look at direct expansion of ammonia.

1. Liquid Controls for DX Ammonia Systems
Patrick Bundy, Member, Sporlan Valve Co., Washington, MO

2. Evaporative Design for Direct Expansion Ammonia
Bruce I. Nelson, Member, Colmac Coil Mfg. Inc., Colville, Washington

3. Shell and Tube Ammonia DX Evaporator Performance - Case Study
Zahid H. Ayub, Ph.D., P.E., Member, hermofluid International, Arlington, Texas

4. Direct Expansion Ammonia Air Cooling Units for Low Temperature Applications
Ralph Moore, Imeco, Inc., Polo, Illinois

Seminar 15
Room: Essex South
Latest Advances in Psychrometric Analysis
Sponsor: TC 1.01 Thermodynamics
Chair: Ron Nelson, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
APC Liaison: Debra Catanese
Several new developments in psychrometric analysis have occurred recently. Some of these include modifications to ASHRAE Standard 41.6 - Standard Method for Measurement of Moist Air Properties, completion of the new ASHRAE Brochure on Psychrometrics: Theory and Practice, increased understanding of psychrometric processes at freezer temperatures, and increased use of computer applications for psychrometric analysis. This seminar presents the psychrometric algorithms used in the ASHRAE Standard and other computer applications, describes the procedures used to develop the ASHRAE Brochure, discusses new developments in the understanding of psychrometric processes, and demonstrates the use of a psychrometric computer programs.

1. Appendix D of ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 41.6
M. Bruce Herbert, P.E., Life Member ASHRAE, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania

2. What's New in the Updated ASHRAE Brochure on Psychrometrics: Theory and Practice
Trilochan Singh, Ph.D., Member, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

3. Psychrometric Predictions at Freezer Temperatures Confirmed in Practice
George R. Smith, P.E., Life Member ASHRAE, HCR, Incorporated, Lewistown, Montana

4. Use of Algorithms and Toolkits for Psychrometric Analysis
J. Andrew Schoen, Associate Member, Sporlan Valve Company, Washington, Missouri

5. Demonstration of a Psychrometric Computer Program
Paul J. Milligan, Diversified Control Systems, Raleigh, North Carolina

Seminar 16
Room: America South
The Various Aspects of Test and Balance
Sponsor: TC 9.07 Testing and Balancing
Chair: John B. Wren, P.E., Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Inc., Chantilly, Virginia
With HVAC systems becoming more and more complex it is imperative that a property test and balance be accomplished on HVAC projects. There are many ways and means of doing test and balance. The major concerns range from the writing of the specifications to the documentation of data. There are controls systems and special facilities, and this seminar attempts to demonstrate the correct and proper method to be used.

1. Specifications for Testing and Balancing - What Is Needed?
Gerald J. Kettler, P.E., Member, Air Engineering Testing Inc., Dallas, Texas

2. Integration of TAB in a cGMP Environment
Timothy J. O'Connor, P.E., Member, Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

3. Verifying Accuracy of Test Data
Ernest E. Choat, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Environmental Eng. Consultants, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

4. Testing Control Systems for Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing
Mark C. Hegberg, Member, Commonwealth Edison, Oak Brook, Illinois

Seminar 17
Room: Essex West
Thermal and Air Intrusion Considerations in Building Envelopes
Sponsor: TC 4.09 Building Envelope Systems
Chair: Stephen Carpenter, P.E., Member, Enermodal Engineering, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
APC Liaison: Ron Howell
In building design, the effect of thermal bridging and air intrusion is often ignored. The view is that the impact on building heat loss or gain is marginal and can be made up for by oversizing the mechanical equipment. However, the penalty of poor construction details far exceeds the increase in utility costs. This seminar examines some common envelope defects and how they could have been avoiding by proper design. This information is being incorporated into ASHRAE Guideline GPC 15: Thermal air Air Intrusion Consideration in the Design of Roofs, Walls and Floors.

1. Building Envelope Failures - The Case for Doing It Right
William Lotz, P.E., Fellow and Life ASHRAE Member, Consulting Engineers, Acton, Maine

2. Principles of Good Envelope Design
William Brown, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

3. Evaluating the Impact of Thermal Bridging
Alex McGowan, P.E., Member, Enermodal Engineering Limited, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada

4. Remediation of Thermal Bridging in Building Envelopes - Case Studies
Adrian Tuluca, Associate Member, Steven Winter Assoc., Norwalk, Connecticut

Seminar 18
Room: America Center
Variables Affecting O & M Costs
Sponsor: TC 1.07 Operation and Maintenance Management
Chair: Richard Rooley, Fellow ASHRAE, Rooley Consultants, Stoke Poges, Bucks, United Kingdom
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
In total life cycle costing the design, commissioning and maintenance all impact running costs. The overall impact and the way in which design affects maintenance will lead into the various types and styles of management systems used in buildings and the way they are used in the complexities of the HVAC system. Various styles of commissioning set the starting point of occupation of the building. Failure to commission leaves residual hidden costs to be overcome by the building owner. The use of energy depends on the type of O&M program which has been adopted but the management style adopted by the energy manager can affect the operation and maintenance regime hopefully leading to less overall cost but with potential to increase O&M costs.

1. Variation in O&M Costs Through Types of Management Systems
William J. McCartney, Member, HVAC Commissioners Inc., Petrolia, Ontario, Canada

2. O&M Best Practice for Energy Efficient Buildings
Tudi Haasl, Portland Energy Conservation Inc., Portland, Oregon

3. The Energy Managers Impact on O&M Costs
Brian O'Donnell, P.E., Member, Prism Engineering Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada, Brian Sikorski, Associate Member, Prism Engineering Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada

4. Variations in Commissioning and Its Effects on O&M Cost
Carl N. Lawson, Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Chantilly, Virginia

Forum 11
12:30 pm - 1:20 pm
Room: Essex East
Do ASHRAE Engineers Have the Tools to Design "Acceptable" Smoking Areas in Restaurants and Bars?
Sponsor: TC 5.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Moderator: Donald R. Fisher, P.E., Member, Fisher Consultants, Danville, California
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
The key to controlling a smoking environment is to provide enough ventilation for the space and efficiently direct the air over the smoking area. Naturally, when you increase the amount of outdoor air for ventilation, your heating and cooling loads are greater which in turn increases the building's operational costs. Restaurants and bars are searching for cost effective retrofit solutions to their problems. Do ASHRAE engineers have the right tools to design smoking areas cost effectively? Can a cost effective solution result in 'acceptable' indoor air quality?

Forum 12
12:30 pm - 1:20 pm
Room: Essex North
What Topics Should Be Addressed in the Handbook Chapter for Power Plants?
Sponsor: TC 9.02 Industrial Air Conditioning
Moderator: John B. Riley, P.E., Member, Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Missouri
APC Liaison: Marvin Thedford
A new Applications Handbook Chapter is in draft stages addressing the unique concerns confronting the power plant HVAC systems engineer. Discussion will cover the needs for the engineer designing, maintaining or operating these systems.

Forum 13
1:30 pm - 2:20 pm
Room: Essex North
Light Flicker, Is It the Appliance or the Utility? Part II
Sponsors: TC 1.09 Electrical Systems; 8.01 Positive Displacement Compressors, 8.11 Electric Motors-Open and Hermetic
Moderator: Richard L. Hall, P.E., Member, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio
APC Liaison: Marvin Thedford
Motor driven appliance design and installation, lighting equipment design and installation, and electrical utility equipment and installation all play a role in nuisance light flicker complaints associated with motor starts. Is there a problem and what can we do about it?

Forum 14
1:30 pm - 2:20 pm
Room: Essex East
Should ASHRAE Standards that Are Relevant to IAQ Be Based on Comfort or Health?
Sponsors: TC 2.01 Physiology and Human Environment; 2.04Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipment, EHC Environmental Health Committee
Moderator: Matthew Klein, P.E., Member, Indoor Air Quality Solutions, Bethel, Ohio
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
In the past, ASHRAE standards relevant to IAQ have been mainly based on comfort. For example, in Standard 52.1, the filter test method uses atmospheric dust and is concerned with preventing equipment damage and soiling of interior building surfaces. In Standard 52.2P, the filter test method uses a test material that has a particle size range that is the same as the respirable range. In Standard 62, the ventilation rate method is based on odor perception; but the air quality method is based on health standards. In Standard 62P, the ventilation rates are based mainly on health standards and many other required activities are oriented toward protecting health. This forum discusses the dilemma of whether ASHRAE standards should only be concerned with comfort or should incorporate health criteria.

Monday
June 30, 1997
8:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m.

All 8:00 a.m. SESSIONS ARE CONCURRENT
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Westin Hotel

Technical Session 3
Room: Staffordshire

Electric Storage Water Heaters: From Laboratory Measurements to Field Electricity Consumption (4060)
Matthieu Orphelin, Center for Energy Studies - ENSMP, Paris, France, Jerome Adnot, Ph.D., Associate Member, Center for Energy Studies - ENSMP, Paris, France
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
A technical and economical analysis of DSM (Demand Side Management) actions on ESWH (Electric Storage Water Heaters) has to be based on a reliable consumption and electric load curve calculation. Water heater stocks and typical hot water needs are generally well-defined at a certain stage of DSM studies. The remaining problem is to take into account real operating conditions to determine power demand and energy consumption. A model has been developed to perform simulations. Influent parameters have been tested to produce practical correlations. Results are given in terms of energy consumption for the "night/day control" and "no-control" extreme simulations.

Evaluation of Proposed ASHRAE Energy Audit Form and Procedures (4061) (RP-669)
Jerome Hay, P.E., Member, Sud Associates, P.A., Asheville, North Carolina, Ish Sud, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Sud Associates, P.A., Durham, North Carolina
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
The proposed energy audit form and procedures, developed by ASHRAE SP-56 were tested, evaluated, and improved in ASHRAE Research Project RP-669. A trial database of building characteristics and energy use, based on SP-56 form and procedures, was developed, tested, and revised. The goal was to establish forms and procedures to be used by experienced auditors in the auditing of a variety of buildings in the field and to develop a means of collecting, normalizing, and distributing information on commercial and institutional building energy consumption to the industry. Energy audit data from 100 buildings were transferred to the form. Concurrent with the revision and testing of the form, a trial database was developed.

Modeling the Thermal and Emissions Performance of Commercial Boilers (4062)
Vic Hanby, Ph.D., Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, G. Li, Ph.D., Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
This paper describes a one-dimensional modeling approach that enables the emissions of NOx, CO, and SOx to be calculated together with the thermal performance of the boiler derived from basic heat transfer relationships. It provides good prediction of heat transfer performance and reproduces the values and trends of emissions throughout the operating range of the device. The use of the model in its intended mode is shown by its incorporation in a TRNSYS system

Use of EMCS Recorded Data to Identify Potential Savings Due to Improved HVAC Operations and Maintenance (4063)
Mingsheng Liu, Ph.D., Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Yeqiao Zhu, Member, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, David Claridge, Ph.D., Member, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas
APC Liaison: Larry Degelman
In most chiller and boiler central plants, the energy management and control systems (EMCS) monitor and record key operation parameters and energy production continuously. A method was developed to identify potential O&M savings by using the EMCS recorded data. This method was applied to a central plant which supplied heating and cooling to a university campus. The improved AHU operations were fully or partially implemented in a number of buildings. The measured O&M savings ($610,000/yr or 22.5%) were consistent with predicted savings in five buildings where both the pre-O&M and the post O&M energy consumption were measured on an hourly basis.

Symposium BN-97-04
Room: America Center
Advanced Methods for Calculating Peak Cooling Loads
Sponsor: TC 4.01 Load Calculation Data and Procedures
Chair: Lynn G. Bellenger, P.E., Member, The Sear-Brown Group, Rochester, New York
APC Liaison: Jim Vallort
Load calculation procedures based on the heat balance method have been refined for determining peak design loads. This symposium discusses the major heat transfer processes, including the radiative and convective exchange on outside surfaces, conduction through each surface, the interaction of radiant energy between interior surfaces, and the convective transfer between interior surfaces and the zone air. Procedures include traditional heat balance formulations and an alternative simplified method of approximating the conversion of radiant heat gain into cooling load.

1. Development of a Heat Balance Procedure for Cooling Loads (RP-875)
Curtis O. Pedersen, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, Daniel E. Fisher, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, Richard J. Liesen, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

2. Investigation of Outside Heat Balance Models for Use in a Heat Balance Cooling Load Calculation Procedure (RP-875)
Todd M. McClellan, Student Member, Colonial Pipeline Company, Atlanta, Georgia, Curtis O. Pedersen, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

3. An Evaluation of Inside Surface Heat Balance Models for Cooling Load Calculations (RP-875)
Richard J. Liesen, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, Curtis O. Pedersen, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

4. The Radiant Time Series Cooling Load Calculation Procedure (RP-875)
Jeffrey D. Spitler, Ph.D., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, Daniel E. Fisher, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, Curtis O. Pedersen, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

Symposium BN-97-05
Room: America North
Fire in Atria and Other Large Spaces -- Current Smoke Management Research and Methods
Sponsor: TC 5.06 Control of Fire and Smoke
Chair: William A. Webb, P.E., Member, Performance Technology Consulting, Ltd., Lake Bluff, Illinois
APC Liaison: Debra Catanese
This symposium presents results of recent ASHRAE research on design approaches for atrium exhaust effectiveness. It will critique approaches for large space smoke management currently recognized in codes and standards, report the results of actual experience and suggest changes in approach intended to improve the effectiveness of the systems.

1. Investigation of Atrium Smoke Exhaust Effectiveness
G. D. Lougheed, Ph.D., Member, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, George Hadjisophodeus, Ph.D., P.E., National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

2. Prediction of Smoke Movement in Atria: Part I Physical Concepts
John H. Klote, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland

3. Prediction of Smoke Movement in Atria: Part II Application to Smoke Management
John H. Klote, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland

4. A Comparison of the "Regular" and "Irregular" Methods of Calculating Smoke Layer Interface Heights as Presented in the 1996 Edition of the BOCA National Building Code
William N. Brooks, P.E., Member, Eichleay Engineers Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Symposium BN-97-06
Room: Essex West
Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program - Part 1
Sponsor: TC 5.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities
Chair: Arthur G. Bendelius, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell
The Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program was a multi-million dollar test program funded by the Federal Highway Administration and the Massachusetts Highway Department, sponsored by ASHRAE, and conducted in an abandoned highway tunnel in West Virginia. The Test Program began with an ASHRAE developed Phase I implementation plan and concluded with the completion of a 3800 page Comprehensive Test Report. This symposium consists of nine technical papers, each one focusing on a different area of the test program: from its birth, to the conduction of its tests, to the impact its results have had and will have on the tunnel engineering community. Part II will be presented in Symposium 9.

1. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project in Boston, Massachusetts
Sergiu Luchian, P.E., One South Station, Boston, Massachusetts

2. Program Objectives
Norman I. Lesser, P.E., Life Member ASHRAE, Moultonboro, New Hampshire

3. Memorial Tunnel Test Facility
Jason Sandzimier, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York, Norman H. Danziger, P.E., Member, Boynton Beach, Florida

4. Test Plan and Test Operations
William D. Kennedy, P.E., Member, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York, Flor D. Hernandez, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York

5. Full Transverse Tests
Werner W. Metsch, P.E., Life Member ASHRAE, Tarpon Springs, Florida

6. Partial Transverse Tests
John Murphy, Ph.D., Member, JOGRAM, Inc., New Philadelphia, Ohio

Symposium BN-97-07
Room: Essex Center
Recent Advances in Refrigerator-Freezer Technologies
Sponsor: TC 7.01 Residential Refrigerators and Food Freezers
Chair: Len Swatkowski, Member, Appliance Research Consortium, Chicago, Illinois
APC Liaison: Ron Howell
The purpose of the symposium is to present information on energy and reliability data for refrigerator-freezers obtained from computer simulations and laboratory testing. The information is especially relevant due to the rapid changes that have occurred in domestic refrigeration. The results presented in the symposium will aid engineers in assessing design changes that are necessary to meet stricter standards for future units.

1. Refrigerator/Freezer Energy Use: Measured Values Versus Simulation Results (4083)
Sajid Hakim, Associate Member, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, Isaac Turiel, P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California

2. Experimental and Cost Analysis of a One Kilowatt-Hour/Day Domestic Refrigerator-Freezer
Edward A. Vineyard, P.E., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, James R. Sand, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

3. Simulating Effects of Multi-Speed Compressors on Refrigerator/Freezer Performance
Robert J. Woodall, International Paper Technology, Mobile, Alabama, Clark W. Bullard, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

4. 134a Qualification - Industry Refrigerator Capillary Tube Data
Richard Devos, Associate Member, Frigidaire, Greenville, Michigan

Symposium BN-97-08
Room: Essex South
Understanding Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers: Alone and In Systems - Part 1
Sponsor: TC 9.04 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems; 6.08 Geothermal Energy Utilization
Chair: Hugh Henderson, P.E., Member, CDH Energy Corp., Cazenovia, New York
Co-Chair: Pat Hughes
APC Liaison: Jim Norman
The sophisticated Swedish models have been available for over a decade but few in North America are confident that they fully understand them. Papers address a single vertical u-tube in an infinite medium using a fundamental approach and then compares results with the Swedes for that simple configuration; a model of a residential vertical GHP system centered on the Swedish ground heat exchanger model and then describes the calibration of the system model to field data; practical vertical ground heat exchanger sizing methods and the data/model benchmark; and the impact of alternate anti-freeze on the performance of GHP systems in northern applications.

1. Simulation of a Single Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger in an Infinite Medium
Steve Rottmayer, Student Member, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, William A. Beckman, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, John Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

2. Residential Vertical Geothermal Heat Pump System Models: Calibration to Data
Jeff Thornton, Member, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, Wisconsin, Timothy P. McDowell, Member, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, Wisconsin, John Shonder, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Patrick J Hughes, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Daniel Pahud, Ph.D., Laboratory of Energy Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland, Goran Hellstrom, Ph.D., University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

3. Comparison of Practical Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Sizing Methods to a Data/Model Benchmark
J. Thornton, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, Wisconsin, Tim McDowell, Member, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, Wisconsin, Patrick Hughes, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

4. Predicted Ground Source Heat Pump Energy Use and Life Cycle Cost for Alternative Anti-Freeze Solutions in a Northern Residential Applications
Maurice Wildin, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Andrew N. Beall, Student Member, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Seminar 19
Room: America South
Measurements for Energy Savings Performance Contracting
Sponsor: TC 9.06 Systems Energy Utilization
Chair: Richard P. Mazzucchi, Member, SBW Consulting Inc., Bellevue, Washington
APC Liaison: Lee Burgett
This seminar describes the measurements that are made to support energy savings performance contracting (ESPC) projects. An accurate calculation of the actual energy savings resulting from system efficiency improvements is essential to determine the level of energy savings achieved and the consequential payment to the energy savings performance contractor. Speakers discuss the types of measurements being made, the analytical frameworks for savings calculation, and the contractual provisions for ESPC efforts in federal, state, and utility organizations. The seminar features a status report on ASHRAE Guideline 14, Measurement of Energy Savings.

1. Using Measurements to Build Partnerships in the Federal Energy Management Program
Steve Kromer, P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California

2. The North American Measurement and Verification Protocol and Performance Contracting M&V for Utility Sponsored
Steve Schiller, P.E., Member, Schiller Associates, Oakland, California

3. Performance Contracting Measurements in Public Housing
John Snell, Citizens Conservation Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts

4. Guideline 14: Measurement of Savings Status
George Reeves, Member, George Reeves Associates, Inc., Lake Hapatcong, New Jersey

Forum 15
8:00 am - 8:50 am
Room: Essex North
New Application of Code Requirements for Fire Stopping Affects ASHRAE Members
Sponsor: TC 5.06 Control of Fire and Smoke
Moderator: Chas E. Magdanz, P.E., Associate Member, Henningson, Durham, and Richardson, Inc., Omaha, Nebraska
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny
Code requirements for the use of fire stopping at penetrations through fire separations have caused questions about where engineering responsibilities stop and contractor responsibilities begin. Expensive construction contract disputes have been arising. SMACNA feels that their contractors have been forced to bear the brunt of these disputes, and is attempting to influence code officials to require that contract documents show all firestopping penetrations on mechanical or electrical plans before they can be approved for building permits. How should ASHRAE help in creating a cooperative atmosphere in which these disputes can be avoided?

Forum 16
8:00 am - 8:50 am
Room: Essex East
What ASHRAE Members Want/Need from Manufacturers' World Wide Web Sites
Sponsor: TC 1.05 Computer Applications
Moderator: Walter Grondzik, P.E., Member, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan
Many HVAC product manufacturers have established World Wide Web sites for technical and sales information. This forum addresses what characteristics and features users of such sites would really like to see.

Forum 17
9:00 am - 9:50 am
Room: Essex East
How Should ASHRAE Computer Models Be Expressed?
Sponsor: TC 4.07 Energy Calculations
Moderator: Edward F. Sowell, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, California State University, Fullerton, California
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan
The results of many ASHRAE research projects are computer models destined for incorporation in diverse modeling environments. Yet, due to lack of uniform expression, these models are delivered in a wide variety of languages and styles and therefore must be converted by nearly every user. To address this concern TC 4.7 has fostered the development of the Neutral Model Format, and recently sponsored a translator for automatic porting of NMF models to any modeling environment. In this forum we hope to learn how this work might be more widely used.

Forum 18
9:00 am - 9:50 am
Room: Essex North
Should the ASHRAE Guideline on HVAC Commissioning Become A Standard?
Sponsor: TC 9.09 Building Commissioning
Moderator: Carl Lawson, Member, Wren-Janus Engineering Inc., Chantilly, Virginia
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny
With many institutions, schools, governmental agencies, consulting engineers and owners now using the commissioning process, the questions are being asked why isn't this a standard instead of a guideline. By having this guideline published as a standard it would be a more effective and enforceable tool along with allowing the users to have a firmer grasp on the contract documents. This forum addresses the question should the ASHRAE guideline on HVAC commissioning be a standard.

Monday
June 30, 1997
10:15 am - 12:15 pm

All 10:15 a.m. SESSIONS ARE CONCURRENT
All technical sessions are scheduled in Westin Hotel

Symposium BN-97-09
Room: Essex West
Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program - Part 2
Sponsor: TC 5.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities
Chair: Arthur G. Bendelius, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
The Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program was a multi-million dollar test program funded by the Federal Highway Administration and the Massachusetts Highway Department, sponsored by ASHRAE, and conducted in an abandoned highway tunnel in West Virginia. The Test Program began with an ASHRAE developed Phase I implementation plan and concluded with the completion of a 3800 page Comprehensive Test Report. This symposium consists of nine technical papers, each one focusing on a different area of the test program: from its birth, to the conduction of its tests, to the impact its results have had and will have on the tunnel engineering community.

1. The Extraction Test
Philip Egilsrud, P.E., Member, Naples, Florida, Norris Harvey, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York

2. Natural and Longitudinal Tests
Gary Kile, Member, Sverdrup Civil, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, Joseph A. Gonzalez, P.E., Parsons Brinckerhoff, Boston, Massachusetts

3. Test Summary and Comparisons
Werner W. Metsch, P.E., Life Member ASHRAE, Tarpon Springs, Florida

Symposium BN-97-10
Room: Essex Center
Industrial and Agricultural Applications of Thermal Energy Storage and Swine House IAQ
Sponsor: TC 6.09 Thermal Storage
Chair: Ralph Breisch, Member, Turbo Refrigerating, Denton, Texas
APC Liaison: Debra Catanese
Ice thermal energy storage is typically thought of in terms of commercial cooling applications, such as office buildings, schools, churches, and district cooling. However, some of the earliest applications of ice thermal energy storage were in industrial applications, such as pharmaceutical, chemical, bakery and dairy applications and concrete cooling, breweries and agriculture cooling. While less known than commercial applications, industrial applications of ice thermal energy storage are continuing to be a major component of the total thermal energy storage marketplace.

1. Slurry Ice Thermal Energy Storage for Cheese Process Cooling
Sam P. Gladis, Member, Paul Mueller Company, Springfield, Missouri

2. Dynamic Ice Harvesting Thermal Energy Storage and Powdered Eggs (Or Which Came First the Ice or the Egg)
Kenneth Laufer, Industrial Cooling Equipment Corp., Ledgewood, New Jersey, Ralph L. Breisch, Member, Turbo Refrigerating, Denton, Texas

3. Thermal Storage Incorporated in the Mechanical System for Printing Works to Offset Loads
Peter Simmonds, Flack & Kurtz Consulting Engineers, New York, New York, Toon Braam, RTB Van Hugten, The Netherlands

4. Airborne and Settled Dust Levels in a Swine House (4084)
Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, Manuel C. Puma, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas

Symposium BN-97-11
Room: Essex South
Vertical Geothermal Heat Pump Projects: Making Them Trouble Free and Self-Funding Part 2
Sponsors: TC 9.04 Applied Heat Pump/Heat Recovery Systems; 6.08 Geothermal Energy Utilization
Chair: Hugh Henderson, P.E., Member, CDH Energy Corp., Cazenovia, New York
Co-Chair: Pat Hughes
APC Liaison: Jim Norman
The first paper reports the results of ASHRAE 908 RP "Assessment of Anti-Freeze Solutions for Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems". The next 3 papers summarize the maintenance savings, energy and demand savings, and lessons learned from the largest vertical geothermal heat pump project in the world (the energy savings performance contract (ESPC) in military family housing at Ft. Polk, LA).

1. Assessment of Anti-Freeze Solutions for Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
Everett W. Heinonen, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Maurice W. Wilden, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Andrew N. Beall, Student Member, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Robert E. Tapscott, Ph.D., Member, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

2. Estimated Maintenance Cost Savings from a Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Savings Performance Contract at Ft. Polk
John Shonder, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Patrick J. Hughes, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

3. Electrical Demand and Energy Savings from a Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Savings Performance Contract at Ft.
John Shonder, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Patrick J. Hughes, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

4. Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Savings Performance Contract at Ft. Polk, LA: Lessons Learned
Patrick J. Hughes, P.E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, John A. Shonder, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Richard A. Gordon, P.E., Applied Energy Mgmt. Techniques, Corvallis, Oregon, Thomas M. Giffin, P.E., Member, SAIC, East Syracuse, New York

Seminar 20
Room: America South
Case Studies - Large Building Air Conditioning Retrofits
Sponsor: TC 9.01 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems
Chair: Rodney H. Lewis, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Rodney H. Lewis Associates Inc., Houston, Texas
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
This seminar is part of a continuing series of case studies of large air conditioning system retrofits. Projects in this seminar include a hospital, historic office building, a government building, and a campus chilled water distribution system. Designers and contractors will learn some new approaches from these case studies.

1. Retrofit of VA Building - Washington DC
Boggarm S. Setty, P.E., Member, Setty & Associates Ltd., Fairfax, Virginia

2. HVAC System Renovation and Upgrade
Warren G. Hahn, P.E., Member, Hahn Engineering, Tampa, Florida

3. HVAC Retrofit of Social Security Service Center
Walter M. Janus, P.E., Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Inc., Chantilly, Virginia

4. Improvement of Chilled Water Pumping Little Rock Medical Center
James B. (Burt) Rishel, P.E., Life Member ASHRAE, Systecon, Inc., West Chester, Ohio

5. Ten Story Hospital HVAC Retrofit
Kenneth E. Gill, P.E., Member, Aguirre Corporation, Dallas, Texas

Seminar 21
Room: America Center
Issues Update
Sponsor: TC ASHRAE Technical, Energy, and Government Activities Committee
Chair: David F. Lewis, Member, Lennox International, Inc., Dallas, Texas
APC Liaison: Lee Burgett
This seminar brings insights and highlights on contemporary issues of broad interest to the membership. Topics featured include environmental and related issues and the response of the Society and other private sector and government organizations to these issues. The seminar addresses the preparations for the two key environmental meetings in the last half of 1997 [The Montreal Protocol 10th anniversary and the Framework Convention on Climate Change 5th anniversary]; the safety aspects of the thrust towards broader use of "natural" refrigerants; and the emerging field of eco-labelling of products.

1. What is the Future for HCFCs and HFCs - Protocol Meetings in 1997 May Determine
James Wolf, Member, American Standard, Inc., Arlington, Virginia

2. Prospects for Natural Refrigerants - The Safety Dimension
Don P. Grob, P.E., Member, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, Illinois

3. Eco-Labelling: A New Wave of Seals of Approval
Al St. Clair, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio

Seminar 22
Room: America North
Practical Efficiency Limits of Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Sponsor: TC 7.06 Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Chair: Gregory J. Rosenquist, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
APC Liaison: Ron Howell
The energy-efficiency of central air conditioners and heat pumps has increased steadily over the past 15 years. Partially in response to minimum efficiency requirements mandated by the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (10.0 SEER for split-system cooling equipment and 6.8 HSPF for split-system heating equipment), the shipment-weighted efficiencies of central air conditioners and heat pumps are at their highest levels ever. Through the use of two-speed and variable-speed technology, some manufacturers have offered and still make available systems with cooling efficiencies of over 17 SEER. But just how far can equipment efficiencies be increased? This seminar addresses what efficiency levels can be practically achieved for central air conditioners and heat pumps.

1. Advances in Central Air Conditioning System Performance Utilizing Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Terry L. Chapp, P.E., Modine Manufacturing Company, Racine, Wisconsin

2. Practical Limits on Efficiency in Air-to-Air Unitary Equipment
James G. Crawford, Member, The Trane Company, Tyler, Texas

3. Scroll Compressor Impact on System Efficiency
Hung M. Pham, Associate Member, Copeland Corporation, Sidney, Ohio

Seminar 23
Room: Staffordshire
Simplified Models for Room Air and Air Contaminant Distribution
Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling
Chair: Jianshun (Jenson) Zhang, Ph.D., Member, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan
Understanding the air and air contaminant movement in ventilated rooms is important for the design and operation of room air distribution systems. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based models are able to provide very detailed predictions, they are generally too complicated to be directly used for design. This seminar reviews the development of simplified modeling techniques including models that are based on knowledge of the characteristics of diffuser air jets and their relationships with the conditions in the occupied zones, zonal models that divide the room space into sub-zones based on the pre-knowledge of the major airflow patterns, methods that simplify the application of the CFD technique for practical room distribution design (e.g., database approach).

1. Simplified Methods for Room Air Distribution Design
Per Heiselberg, Ph.D., Member, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

2. A Simplified Method to Simulate Room Air Flows
Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., M I T, Cambridge, Massachusetts

3. A Practical Approach in Air Distribution Design for Realistic Rooms
Alexander M. Zhivov, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

4. Review of Simplified Models for Room Air and Contaminant Distribution
Lin Simon, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Forum 19
10:15 am - 11:15 am
Room: Essex East
Parasitic Losses in Supermarket Refrigeration Systems
Sponsor: TC 10.07 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Moderator: Eckhard A. Groll, Ph.D., Member, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Moderator: Hamed S. Borhanian, Aspen Systems, Inc., Malboro, MA
APC Liaison: Jim Vallort
This forum discusses the breakdown between useful and parasitic refrigeration capacity performed by the compressors of a refrigeration rack in a supermarket. The parasitic losses of each segment of the vapor compression cycle are examined and quantified. Results from measurements made in actual supermarkets are discussed to examine the effect of insulating the suction and liquid lines. The effect of reducing suction line flooding through the use of electronic expansion valves is examined.

Forum 20
10:15 am - 11:15 am
Room: Essex North
Proposed Air Quality Parameters on Commercial Aircraft
Sponsor: TC 9.03 Transportation Air Conditioning
Moderator: Larry C. Holcomb, Ph.D., Member, Holcomb Environmental Services, Olivet, Michigan
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell
ASHRAE SPC 161 is developing parameters for acceptable air quality on commercial aircraft. A discussion of concentration values, ventilation and filtration will be of benefit to ASHRAE members and expected feedback from members to the committee will aid in achieving consensus.

Forum 21
11:15 am - 12:05 pm
Room: Essex North
Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Proposed Standard
Sponsor: 9.03 Transportation Air Conditioning
Moderator: Tom Nagle, Associate Member, McDonnell Douglas Corp., Long Beach, California
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell
ASHRAE SPC 161P is in the process of writing a standard to define the requirements for air quality in commercial aircraft. An important aspect will be to specify measurement and testing requirements in order to establish compliance with the standard. Input on the measurement requirements is requested. Issues that may be discussed include: How specific should the measurement requirements be? What problems does the aircraft environment introduce for measuring? What, if any, measurement standards are available? How much will it cost and is reasonable?

Forum 22
11:15 am - 12:05 pm
Room: Essex East
Useful and Non-Useful Superheat in Supermarket Refrigeration Systems
Sponsor: TC 10.07 Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling Display and Storage
Moderator: Mukesh K. Khattar, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
APC Liaison: Jim Vallort
Refrigeration equipment in present day supermarkets is located some 200 ft away from display cases. The suction gas inlet to the compressor is desired to have little superheat. But how much of the superheat gain takes place in the evaporator coil and how much in the long suction lines? Can we eliminate the superheat in the evaporator coil and rely on the heat gains in the suction line alone? What are practical limitations of expansion devices for limiting superheat gain in evaporator coils?

Tuesday
July 1, 1997
8:00 am - 10:00 am

All 8:00 a.m. SESSIONS ARE CONCURRENT
All technical sessions are scheduled in the Westin Hotel

Symposium BN-97-12
Room: America North
Thermal and Fluid Characteristics in HVAC and Refrigeration Heat Exchange Processes
Sponsors: TC 1.03 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow; 8.04 Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment, 8.05 Liquid-to-Refrigerant Heat Exchangers
Chair: Michael Ohadi, Ph.D., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
This symposium reports some of the latest research progress in heat and mass transport processes of direct significance to refrigeration and air conditioning processes. The symposium consists of five papers covering topics that include: an experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of alternatives to R-502; a new method to estimate the thermal contact resistance in finned-tube heat exchangers; parametric analysis of an internal-melt ice-on-coil tank; flow boiling and pressure drop measurement for R-134a/oil mixture in a plain tube and in a microfin tube.

1. An Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of New Alternatives to R-502
Samuel M. Sami, Ph.D., P.E., University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, Bertrand Poirier, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada

2. A New Method to Estimate the Thermal Contact Resistance in Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers (4085)
Jinghong Deng, Ph.D., Universita Degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Giorgio Pagliarini, Universita di Parma, Parma, Italy, Sandro Salvigni, Universita Degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

3. Parametric Analysis of an Internal-Melt Ice-On-Coil Tank (4086)
Jose Neto, Ph.D., Member, Centro Fedeeral de Educacao Tecnologica de MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Moncef Krarti, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

4. Flow Boiling and Pressure Drop Measurements for R-134a/Oil Mixtures Part 1: Evaporation in Microfin Tube (published in the Int. Journal of HVAC&R Research, Jan. 1997 issue) (4087)
Eric Nidegger, LENI at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, John R. Thome, Ph.D., Member, LENI at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, Daniel Favrat, Ph.D., Member, LENI at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

5. Flow Boiling and Pressure Drop Measurements for R-134a/Oil Mixtures. Part 2: Evaporation in a Plain Tube (published in the Int. Journal of HVAC&R Research, Jan. 1997) (4088)
Olivier Zeurcher, LENI at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, John R. Thome, Ph.D., Member, LENI at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, Daniel Favrat, Ph.D., Member, LENI at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

Symposium BN-97-13
Room: America Center
Why VAV Systems Do Not Work Or DoThey?
Sponsor: TC 9.07 Testing and Balancing
Chair: Carl N. Lawson, Member, Wren-Janus Engineering Inc., Chantilly, Virginia
APC Liaison: Art Hallstrom
While VAV systems are the prominent system designed and installed in buildings today, there are many concerns that VAV systems are a major cause of indoor air quality problems. There are other concerns regarding installation questions, along with the proper operation of VAV systems. This symposium addresses the major question "Why VAV Systems Do Not Work or Do They?"

1. VAV Systems Work - Despite Some Design and Application Problems
Robert Linder, Member, Dorgan Associates, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, Chad Dorgan, P.E., Member, Dorgan Associates, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin

2. VAV Systems - What Makes Them Succeed? What Makes Them Fail?
Tom Cappellin, P.E., Member, Ralph Hahn & Associates Inc., West Palm Beach, Florida

3. Situations to Consider When Variable Air Volume is an Option
Mark D. Kukla, Associate Member, Air Systems Balancing and Testing, W. Henrietta, New York

4. VAV Systems Performance Field Characterization of Air Flow System Diagnosis, Tools and Operational Design
Kevin S. Maki, Associate Member, Whirpool Corporation, Benton Harbor, Michigan, Glen A. Chamberlin, Member, Chamberlin Assoc., Urbana, Illinois, Zhenhai Li, Ph.D., Double L. Group, Peosta, Iowa, Leslie L. Christianson, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

Seminar 24
Room: Adams
BACnet in the Real World
Sponsor: TC 1.04 Control Theory and Application
Chair: Steven T. Bushby, Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan
BACnet was approved as an ASHRAE standard in June 1995 and as an American national standard in December 1995. Since that time BACnet products have gradually become available in the mark