Technical Session 1
Room: Conference G
A New Criterion Based on the Wavelet Transform for Power Quality Studies and Waveform Feature Localization (RP-770) (4173)
Sponsor: TC 8.1 Positive Displacement Compressors; 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control
Alexander Domijan, Member, University of Florida, Gainesville, FLand Muhammad Shaiq, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
APC Liaison: James Vallort, NICOR, Inc.

The characteristics of power systems transients seen nowadays present a problem for the classical Fourier analysis techniques as it fails to effectively and accurately localize and quantify their effects. This paper looks into the application of the technique of multi-resolution analysis, based on the wavelet transforms, on voltage waveforms obtained from a PWM introduction motor drive during work on ASHRAE Research Project 770. A new power quality criterion based on the wavelet transform coefficients is also presented and compared to total harmonic distortion.

Effect of Air Pressure Differential on Vapor Flow Through Sample Building Walls (RP-746) (4174)
Sponsor: TG 9.TB, Tall Buildings
William E. Stewart, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Member, InterMountain Research, Olathe, KS

Laboratory scale experiments were performed on two small sample composite walls of typical building construction to determine the approximate opposing air pressure difference required to stop or significantly reduce the transmission of water vapor due to a water vapor pressure difference. Vapor transmission data through the wall samples were obtained over a range of vapor pressure differentials and opposing air pressure differentials.

Measure The Effectiveness of Gas Phase Air Filtration Equipment-Field Test Methods and Applications (RP-791) (4175)
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment
Rea-Tiing Liu, Ph.D., Member, Filtratech Consulting, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA

Applications of existing test methods for measuring the effectiveness of installed gas phase air filtration equipment (GPAFE) in buildings is addressed. The work is based on the results of ASHRAE Research Project 791-RP "Field Test Methods to Measure the Effectiveness of Gas Phase Air Filtration Equipment-Phase 1: Search of Literature and Prior Art." Three types of test methods are available for measuring low level concentrations of gaseous and vaporous contaminants in ambient and indoor air. With appropriate sampling procedures and data interpretation, these methods can be readily used to determine the effectiveness of installed GPAFE in buildings.

Quantitative Comparison of North American and U.K. Cooling Load Calculation Procedures-Methodology (RP-942) (4176)
Sponsor: TC 4.1 Load Calculation Data and Procedures
Jeffrey Spitler, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Simon Rees, Student Member, C.Eng., Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom

The methodology used in a quantitative comparison between the current North American and United Kingdom cooling load calculations methods is described. Three calculation methods have been tested as part of a joint ASHRAE/CIBSE research project; the ASHRAE Heat Balance Method and Radiant Time Series Method, and the Admittance Method, used in the United Kingdom. The quantitative comparison is primarily organized as a parametric study. This paper describes the overall organization of the study, the parameters and parameter levels that can be varied, the tools developed to create input filed, automate the load calculation, and extract the results.

Quantitative Comparison of North American and U.K. Cooling Load Calculation Procedures-Results (RP-942) (4177)
Sponsor: TC 4.1 Load Calculation Data and Procedures
Simon Rees, Student Member, C.Eng., Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Jeffrey Spitler, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Philip Haves, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Loughborough, United Kingdom

Calculation of design cooling loads is of critical concern to designers of HVAC systems. The work reported here has been carried out under a joint ASHRAE/CIBSE research project to compare design cooling calculation methods. Three calculation methods have been tested, the ASHRAE heat balance method and radiant time series method, and the admittance method, used in the United Kingdom. General trends in over/under prediction of peak load in the simplified methods compared to the heat balance method are presented.

Symposium TO-98-01
Room: Dominion Ballroom North
Application and Design Experience with Smoking Areas in the Hospitality Industry and Commercial Buildings
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bert Phillips, P.E., Member, UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Knowledge from research on human response to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), the impact of ventilation system design on pollutant removal and the efficacy and economics of various ETS/IAQ strategies are integrated in this symposium to provide design guidance to improve IAQ for both smokers and non-smokers in spaces in which smoking is permitted.

1. Contaminant and Heat Removal Effectiveness and Air-to-Air Heat/Energy Recovery for a Contaminated Air Space
Doug Irwin, Honeywell Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, Carey Simonson, Ph.D., and Kong Saw, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

2. Design for Smoking Areas: Part 1 Fundamentals
Paul Nelson, Ph.D., Member, Hoy Bohanon, Jr., P.E., Member, and J.C. Walker, Ph.D., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Winston-Salem, NC

3. Design for Smoking Areas: Part 2 Applications
Hoy Bohanon, Jr., P.E., Member, Robin Wilson, P.E., and Paul Nelson, Ph.D., Member, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Winston-Salem, NC

4. Comparison of Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption by HVAC System with Mixing and Displacement Air Distribution for a Restaurant Dining Area in Different Climates
Alexander Zhivov, Ph.D., P.E., Member, International Air Technologies, Inc., Champaign, IL and Adolf Rymkevich, St. Petersburg Academy of Refrigeration & Food Technology, St. Petersburg, Russia

Symposium TO-98-02
Room: Dominion Ballroom South
ASHRAE's New Weather Data for Energy Calculations
Sponsor: TC 4.2 Weather Information
Chair: William Bahnfleth, Ph.D., P.E., Member, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, P.E., Alabama Power Company
This symposium describes the production of the Weather Year for Energy Calculations Versions 2 (WYEC2) files and how they differ from the original WYEC files and will compare the results of energy analysis for commercial and residential buildings performed with WYEC2 weather data with results obtained using a variety of other standard sources.

1. Production of the Weather Year for Energy Calculations Version 2 (WYEC2) Data Files
Thomas Stoffel, Member and Martin Rymes, Ph.D., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

2. Which Weather Data Should You Use for Energy Simulations of Commercial Buildings
Drury Crawley, Member, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC

3. The Impact of Different Weather Data on Simulated Residential Heating and Cooling Loads
Joe Huang, Associate Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

Seminar 1
Room: Civic Ballroom
Good Operations and Maintenance Documentation - Case Studies
Sponsor: TC 1.7 Operation and Maintenance Management
Chair: Brian O'Donnell, P.E., Member, Prism Engineering, Burnaby, BC, Canada
APC Liaison: Janet Lynch, Johnson Controls Inc.
The importance of good operations and maintenance documentation is beginning to be recognized by the industry as being critical for proper building operation. To assist in preparing this documentation, Guideline 4 "Preparation of Building Operating and Maintenance Documentation" was published by ASHRAE in 1993 (presently under revision). This seminar presents case studies of buildings that have used this Guideline and have gone beyond the standard "black binders".

1. Specifying and Obtaining Good O and M Documentation
John Harmon, P.E., Fellow, John Harmon PE Consulting Engineer, Richmond, VA

2. The Importance of Correct O and M Documentation for the Building Owner and Operator
Carl Lawson, Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Chantilly, VA

3. O and M Documentation for an Existing University Building
Glen McCuaig, P.E., Associate Member, Engineering Interface Ltd., North York, ON, Canada

4. HTML as a Documentation Medium for Building O and M
Cedric Trueman, Member, Trueman Engineering Services, Victoria, BC, Canada

5. Development of a Graphically Interfaced, Computerized O and M Manual
Ned "Chuck" Belt, P.E., Member, Systems Corp., Knoxville, TN

Seminar 2
Room: Conference B
Ice Slurries
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage; TC 6.2 District Heating and Cooling
Chair: Douglas Reindl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, EPRI HVAC & R Center, Madison, WI
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Ice slurry technologies have been in various stages of development and demonstration in the United States for more than a decade. In Europe and Asia, interest in ice slurry technologies is high. Considerable efforts are being expended to develop efficient and reliable slurry generators and necessary ancillary equipment. This session presents the latest research, development, and field demonstration of ice slurry technologies and systems. Issues from generation to transport of slurry ice are discussed as well as the successes and failures in applying this technology.

1. Technologies to Produce Ice Slurries
Joachim Paul, Member, Integral, Flensburg, Germany

2. Ice Slurry Systems
Kirby Nelson, P.E., Member, Paul Mueller Company, Springfield, MO

3. Experience with Ice Slurry
Michael Kauffeld, Ph.D., Member, DTI Energy, Aarhus C, Denmark

4. Ice Slurries for Thermal Storage and Distributed Cooling Systems
William E. Stewart, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Member, InterMountain Research, Olathe, KS

Seminar 3
Room: Cinema 2
Information Gateways: Interactive Building Database and Application Platforms
Sponsor: TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems
Chair: John Phelan, Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO

APC Liaison: Filza Hassan, SHG Inc.
The full potential of the integration that characterizes "smart" buildings relies on information exchange. New systems take advantage of remote interactive building databases, allowing information gathered from the building automation system to be used by other applications that reside either on the platform or off-site. Using the Internet for communications, the applications for this information include fault detection, operational diagnostics, optimization, real-time pricing control, customized and automated billing, and a wide range of future customer services available. This seminar explores the state of the art in information gateways, describing the intended markets which are driving development, the challenges and solutions of information exchange, and the current applications available for implementation.

1. Issues in the Development of Remote Building Monitoring and Operations Systems
Chuck McParland, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

2. Development of an On-Line Facilities Information Exchange Platform
Peter Curtiss, Ph.D., Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO

3. Information Gateways: A Practical Application
Todd Lash, P.E., Member, Landis & Staefa, Buffalo Grove, IL

4. Using On-Line Facilities Information Exchange Platforms
Julie Hull, Honeywell Technology Center, Minneapolis, MN

Seminar 4
Room: Cinema 1
Owner Views of Building Commissioning
Sponsor: TC 9.9 Building Commissioning
Chair: Joseph Scolaro, P.E., Member, Scolaro Engineering Consultants, Dallas, TX

APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan, P.E., Dorgan Associates Inc.
Owners representative of distinctly different building groups present their views of the commissioning progress, what they like, dislike, and suggestions for improvement. The general objectives that commissioning can accomplish are discussed.

1. Which Construction Team Member Provides the Best Commissioning? - Retail and Other Facilities
Thomas Bartlett, P.E., Member, JC Penney Co., Inc., Plano, TX

2. A Public Sector Owner's View of Building Commissioning - Public and Governmental Facilities
Paul Tseng, P.E., Member, Montgomery County Division of Facilities and Svcs., Rockville, MD

3. Owner View of Building Commissioning - Commercial and Office Facilities
Harvey Brickman, P.E., Fellow, Tishman Realty & Construction, New York, NY

4. Owner View of Building Commissioning - Hotels
Jay Thompson, P.E., Member, Marriott Corp., Washington, DC

Seminar 5
Room: Conference C
Window Condensation: Mold and Health Risks
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
Chair: Michael Glover, Member, Bowmead Technology, Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada
Large-scale epidemiological studies have demonstrated that children living in damp and moldy housing suffer from 50% more asthma and 60% more other respiratory diseases than people living in dry housing. Two key Canadian health studies are reviewed in detail and based on this field work, the issue is addressed of whether mold growth caused by window condensation is a significant potential health problem.

1. The Importance of Mold in Houses
Jim White, CMHC National Office, Ottawa, ON, Canada

2. Health Issues from Mold Contamination of the Building Envelope
David Miller, Ph.D., Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

3. Moldy Houses: Are Windows the Problem?
Mark Lawton, P.E., Member, Morrison Hershfield Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada

4. Consumer Protection and Window Condensation: A Review of Recent Changes to the Canadian A440 Window Standard
Michael Glover, Member, Bowmead Technology Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada

Forum 1
Room: Conference D/E
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Computer-Based Training - What Subjects Should ASHRAE Put on the Web or CDs?
Sponsor: TC 1.5 Computer Applications
Moderator: Charles Culp, Ph.D., Member, Fisher Controls, Marshalltown, IA
APC Liaison: Ira Poston, Duke Power Co.
Computer-based training (CBT) opens a new dimension for ASHRAE. Interactive professional development seminar (PDS) type of material can be supplied over the Web or on CDs. ASHRAE members' feedback during this forum will help determine the new impactive subjects that ASHRAE should develop first.

Forum 2
Room: Essex
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Test and Balance Reports - Contents and Presentation
Sponsor: TC 9.7 Testing and Balancing
Moderator: Gerald Kettler, P.E., Member, AIR Engineering & Testing, Inc., Dallas, TX
APC Liaison: Arthur Hallstrom, P.E., The Trane Co.
ASHRAE Standard 111 lists some of the information on documentation of test results for test and balance but does not in detail. This forum discusses what is needed to adequately report test results, and how data are interpreted and used.

Forum 3
Room: Conference D/E
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Is 2000/2001 the Centennial of Air Conditioning, Heating or Refrigeration?
Sponsor: Historical Committee
Moderator: Bernard Nagengast, Member, Sidney, OH
APC Liaison: Ira Poston, Duke Power Co.
This forum discusses the history of HVAC/R over the past hundred years and asks whether some industry advances began in the year 1900.

Forum 4
Room: Essex
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Should ASHRAE Sponsor a Cyber-Space Virtual Chapter?
Sponsor: TC 1.5 Computer Applications
Moderator: Arthur Hallstrom, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, Lexington, KY
APC Liaison: Arthur D. Hallstrom, P.E., The Trane Co.
This forum explores whether it is time for ASHRAE to form a virtual chapter. A virtual chapter could allow members to discuss and use electronic communication ideas such as e-mail, web pages, chat rooms and chapter databases.

Symposium TO-98-03
Room: Conference C
Alternative Refrigerant Heat Transfer in Heat Exchangers
Sponsor: TC 8.4 Air-to-Air Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment
Chair: William E. Stewart, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Harry Sauer, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Information is required for the heat transfer characteristics of alternative refrigerants as new designs are developed to optimize heat exchanger performance. This symposium addresses research performed on several different heat exchanger designs and the corresponding heat transfer characteristics of some of the alternative refrigerants.

1. Refrigerant Inventory of R-134a in a Small Channel Cross-Flow Condenser
David Zietlow, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI and Curt Pedersen, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Illinois, Red Wing, IL

2. Flow Regime Mapping and Analysis of R-134a in a Small-Channel Cross-Flow Condenser
David Zietlow, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI and Curt Pedersen, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Illinois, Red Wing, IL

3. A Comparison Study of Compact Plate Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
Kuan-yu Chi, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan; Chi-chuan Wang, Ph.D., Member, and Yu-juei Chang, Associate Member, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Yeon-pun Chang, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan

4. Heat Transfer Characteristics and Correlations for R-410A Flowing inside a Horizontal Smooth Tube
Takeshi Ebisu and Kunikazu Torikoshi, Ph.D., Daikin Industries, Inc., Sakai, Osaka, Japan

Symposium TO-98-04
Room: Conference B
DHC and Cogeneration Systems Maintenance, Repairs, Renovation, Replacement and Longevity
Sponsor: TC 6.2 District Heating and Cooling; TC 9.5 Cogeneration Systems
Chair: Ron Nelson, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, IAand Eino Kainlauri, Ph.D., Retiree Member, , Ames, IA
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, P.E., Alabama Power Company
District heating and cooling as well as cogeneration systems perform best when well maintained. Repairs, renovations, and replacements must be made at proper times to meet changing conditions and to improve designs for planned longevity and optimal benefit.

1. Rationalization of Low to Medium-Temperature District Heating
Ibrahim Birol Kilkis, Ph.D., Member, Heatway, Springfield, MO

2. District Energy as an Agent of Climate Change: The Experience in Europe and the Potential in America
Robert McCabe, P.E., Member, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Morris Pierce, Ph.D., University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; B. Jeffrey Price, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

3. Proposed Renovation of a District Cooling Plant to Optimize the Existing Distribution System and Increase Production Capacity
Steven Tredinnick, P.E., Member, Kattner/FVB District Energy, Minneapolis, MN

4. Improving Cogeneration Plant Performance Through Effective Maintenance Strategies
Salman Sheikh, Fossil Consulting Services, Inc., Columbia, MO

5. Correcting the Thermal Inefficiencies of a Cogeneration & Boiler Plant by Low Pressure Steam Conversions and Hot Water Thermal Energy Storage
Craig Pals, P.E., Associate Member, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA

Symposium TO-98-05
Room: Civic Ballroom
Feedforward-Feedback Controls For Laboratories
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems; TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application
Chair: Rodney Lewis, Ph.D., Fellow, Rodney H. Lewis Assoc. Inc., Houston, TX
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan, P.E., Dorgan Associates Inc.
This symposium explores feedforward and feedback control using a general regression neutral network for laboratories. This system may provide an alternative to the more prominent methods and after this program attenders may want to consider this method.

1. Feedforward - Feedback Controller Using General Regression Neutral Network (GRNN) For a Laboratory HVAC System: Part 1 (Pressure Control)
Osman Ahmed, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Landis and Staefa, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL; John Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, and Sanford Klein, Ph.D., Fellow, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

2. Feedforward - Feedback Controller Using General Regression Neutral Network (GRNN) For a Laboratory HVAC System: Part 2 (Temperature Control - Cooling)
Osman Ahmed, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Landis and Staefa, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL; John Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, and Sanford Klein, Ph.D., Fellow, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

3. Feedforward - Feedback Controller Using General Regression Neutral Network (GRNN) For a Laboratory HVAC System: Part 3 (Temperature Control - Heating)
Osman Ahmed, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Landis and Staefa, Buffalo Grove, IL; John Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, and Sanford Klein, Ph.D., Fellow, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

Symposium TO-98-06
Room: Dominion Ballroom South
New Motor Technologies and Their Applications
Sponsor: TC 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control
Chair: John Tolbert, Member, Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA
APC Liaison: Sally McInerny, P.E., The University of Alabama
This symposium provides information crucial to successful application of new motor drive technologies. The session features four papers, three of which address issues related to design, reliability, and retrofits of the latest variable speed techniques. Performance and energy savings comparisons are provided. The fourth addresses the relatively new "written-pole" motor and its potential for use in the industry.

1. General Purpose Variable Speed Applications
Thomas Lowery, Member, Rockwell Automation, Cleveland, OH

2. Higher Efficiencies by Means of Variable Speed Technology in a Domestic Refrigeration Application
Terrence Dumoulin and Douglas Collings, Tecumseh Products Co., Tecumseh, MI

3. Measuring the Performance of a Variable Speed Drive Retrofit onto a Fixed-Speed Centrifugal Chiller
Frank Lenarduzzi, P.E., Member, and Steve Yap, Member, Ontario Hydro, Toronto, ON, Canada

4. Advantages of Written-Pole Motors in Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Applications
Richard Morash, P.E., Precise Power Corporation, Bradenton, FL

Seminar 6
Room: Cinema 2
Aircraft Cabin Air Quality and Measurements for a System Engineering Approach to Air Quality Standards
Sponsor: TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning
Chair: Noel May, Ph.D., FAA Aeronautical Center AAM-700, Oklahoma City, OK
This seminar focuses on the issues that need to be incorporated into an ASHRAE standard on aircraft cabin air quality by using a system engineering approach, rather than a potentially distorted and disorganized approach that is based on personal perceptions and agendas.

1. Review of SAE AIR 1827
Bill Needleman, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member, PALL Corp, Fort Washington, NY

2. International Aspects of Aircraft Cabin Environments
Jean Christophe Balouet, Ph.D., Communication Enviroment, E.U.R.L., Nogent sur Marne, France

3. Guidelines for Bioaerosols in the Aircraft Cabin Environments
Harriett Burge, Ph.D., P.E., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

4. A Systems Engineering Approach to Air Quality Standards
Tom Nagle, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Boeing Military Transport Aircraft, Long Beach, CA

5. Exposure Limits for Airborne Contaminants in Spacecraft
John James, Ph.D., NASA-JSC, Houston, TX

Seminar 7
Room: Dominion Ballroom North
Does Your TC or Chapter Need Members? Retention? Communication? Action? Try Computers and the Web!
Sponsor: TC 1.5 Computer Applications
Chair: Mick Schwedler, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI
APC Liaison: Janet Lynch, Johnson Controls Inc.
Technical committees and chapters are often looking for new or more active members. There are huge opportunities to using never technology to both increase membership and productivity. The speakers discuss the opportunities and drawbacks. Come, learn, then help your TC or chapter grow.

1. Using a Database, Computers and the Internet in Your Technical Committee
Mick Schwedler, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI

2. ASHRAE TC Web Site Construction
David J. Branson, P.E., Member, Compliance Services Group, Lubbock, TX

3. Chapter in Cyberland: The Golden Gate Story
Mark Hydeman, P.E., Member, PG&E Energy Center, San Francisco, CA

4. Chapter Information Software (CIS) Beta Test Results
Arthur Hallstrom, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, Lexington, KY

Seminar 8
Room: Cinema 1
How Smoke Management Components Are Used in Performance Based Codes
Sponsor: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
Chair: William Webb, Member, Performance Technology Consulting, Lake Bluff, IL
APC Liaison: James S. Buckley, P.E., 3D/International
The trend to performance based codes has become prevalent with the establishment of Committees of the International Code Council, the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes of the National Research Council Canada, the Society of Fire Protection Engineers and others. Smoke management has been in the forefront of requiring performance criteria to be effective. ASHRAE has provided data and test methods to facilitate the implementation of these performance based codes. The seminar approached the topic from the perspective of each of the major participants who use, test, or approve smoke management components.

1. Smoke Management Components: The Manufacturer's Perspective
Robert Van Becelaere, Member, Ruskin Manufacturing, Grandview, MO

2. Specifying Performance Based Requirements for Smoke Management Systems
Eric Esselink, Leber/Rubes Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada

3. Smoke Management and Performance-Based Codes - A Regulatory Authority's Perspective
Peter Sectakof, Member, City of Toronto Urban Planning and Development Ser, Toronto, ON, Canada

Seminar 9
Room: Conference G
Neural Nets: What Are They and What Can They Do?
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations
Chair: Moncef Krarti, Ph.D., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
This seminar presents the key features, strengths and weakness of neural networks (NNs) for building systems related applications. Three specific NNs applications are discussed: using NNs to estimate heat loss from building foundations; the design and the viability of a probabilistic based chiller fault detection and diagnosis method using NNs; and the development of an adaptive NN-based PID control in difficult HVAC environments.

1. Neural Nets - The Good, the Bad and the Rest
Jan Kreider, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

2. Ground Heat-Loss Modelling: Neural Networks Versus Closed-Form Correlations
Ian Beausoleil-Morrison, P.E., Canmet Energy Technology Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada

3. Chiller Fault Detection and Diagnosis Method Using Neural Networks
Margaret Bailey, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Member, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY

4. Adaptive Neural Network Based PID Control in Difficult HVAC Environment
Gideon Shavit, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Control Empowerment, Highland Park, IL

5. Improving Neural Network Predictors with Prior Empirical Data
Robert Dodier, Student Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

Forum 5
Room: Essex
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
Aggressive Microbial Sampling: Should It Be Performed? If So, When?
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant
Moderator: Matt Klein, P.E., Member, Indoor Air Quality Solutions, Inc., Bethel, OH
APC Liaison: Robert M. Suggs III, P.E., R M Suggs Company
Normal microbial sampling is performed in the as-found conditions in a building. Aggressive microbial sampling is performed while potentially microbial-contaminated dust from building materials is generated into the air being sampled. This forum discusses aggressive sampling methods and their acceptability and applicability.

Forum 6
Room: Conference D/E
10:15 AM - 11:05 AM
"Food Safety??"
Sponsor: TC 10.9 Refrigeration Application for Foods and for Beverages
Moderator: Edward Fuhrmann, P.E., Member, Hendon-Lurie & Assoc., Inc., Cincinnati, OH
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan, SHG Inc.
This forum discusses what ASHRAE's role should be on issues of food safety. Topics include HACCP, time and temperature of chilling foodstuffs, technology of freezing thawing technologies, irradiation and drying of food and freezing temperature.

Forum 7
Room: Essex
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Instrument Error versus System Error - A Basic Discussion
Sponsor: TC 1.2 Instruments and Measurements
Moderator: Todd Hardwick, Associate Member, TSI Inc., St Paul, MN
APC Liaison: Robert M. Suggs III, P.E., R M Suggs Company
Instruments and measurements form an integral part of the commissioning process. Technique errors in these fields can have a profound effect on the buildings operations. This forum discusses instrumentation accuracy versus measurement accuracy. Correction factors are also examined.

Forum 8
Room: Conference D/E
11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
K-12 School Design: Is There a Need for ASHRAE Sponsored Training?
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
Moderator: Richard Hermans, P.E., Member, Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan, SHG Inc.
Primary and secondary education design experiences periods of low activity due to lack of demand. School building construction, including a financial interest from the federal government, have been increasing over recent years. This forum asks if interest in a Professional Development Series (PDS) training program exists and what a training syllabus should look like.

Symposium TO-98-07
Room: Cinema 1
Design, Operating and Maintenance Experience with Commercial Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
Sponsor: TC 6.8 Geothermal Energy Utilization
Chair: John Shonder, Member, MS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
APC Liaison: Ira Poston, Duke Power Co.
A significant body of experience exists on the operating characteristics and maintenance requirements of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems in commercial and institutional buildings. This symposium presents the ASHRAE membership with the documented performance of GSHP systems, and highlights innovative design concepts which have the potential to extend the range of applicability of GSHP technology.

1. Operating Experiences with Commercial Ground-Source Heat Pumps: Part 2
Doug Cane, P.E., Member, Andrew Morrison, P.E., Associate Member, and Christopher Ireland, Caneta Research, Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada

2. Ground Water Source Technology Application for an Indoor Water Park
Jitendra Singh, P.E., Member, J and P Engineers, Kendall Park, NJ; Gustav Foster, P.E., Member, Conectiv Solutions, Newark, DE; Arthur Hunt, Hannabery HVAC, Quakertown, PA

3. A Design Method for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pumps
Steve Kavanaugh, Ph.D., Member, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL

4. Maintenance and Service Costs of Commercial Building Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
Doug Cane, P.E., Member, Andrew Morrison, P.E., Associate Member, and Christopher Ireland, Caneta Reseach, Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada

Symposium TO-98-08
Room: Dominion Ballroom South
Light Commercial Forced Air Distribution Systems -- Actual Performance
Sponsor: TC 6.3 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems
Chair: Frank Jakob, P.E., Member, Battelle, Columbia, OH
ASHRAE Standard 152P is under development to write efficiency test methods for thermal distribution systems. This session focuses on forced air distribution as it performs in light commercial buildings. The field performance of forced air duct systems is presented, then a detailed investigation of exposed ductwork. The third paper itemizes the impacts of uncontrolled airflow on the ventilation of and humidity in such buildings. Finally the air leakage characteristics of building cavities when they are used in place of duct-work is examined.

1. Exterior Exposed Ductwork: Delivery Effectiveness and Efficiency
Woody Delp, Ph.D., Nance Matson, P.E., and Mark Modera, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

2. Ventilation, Humidity, and Energy Impacts of Uncontrolled Airflow in a Light Commercial Building
Charles Withers and James Cummings, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL

3. Field Investigation of Duct System Performance in California Light Commercial Buildings
Woody Delp, Ph.D., and Nance Matson, P.E., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA; Eric Tschudy, Ecole Nationale des Tranaux, France; Mark Modera, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and Richard Diamond, Ph.D., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

4. Building Cavities Used as Ducts; Air Leakage Characteristics and Impacts in Light Commercial Buildings
James Cummings and Charles Withers, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL

Symposium TO-98-09
Room: Conference B
Moisture Removal Issues With Unitary Equipment
Sponsor: TC 7.6 Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Chair: Piotr Domanski, Ph.D., P.E., Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
This symposium examines issues related to dehumidification performance of unitary equipment. Maintaining an appropriate moisture level in the indoor air is important for human comfort, health, and prevention of a mildew formation. The three papers provide a blend of an experimental case study, a statistical review of performance of a complete class of equipment, and an evaluation of a performance prediction tool.

1. Effect of Flow Nonuniformity on Evaporator Performance
Eric Kirby, Student Member, Thermo King, Minneapolis, MN; Clark Bullard, Ph.D., Member, and William Dunn, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

2. Latent Capacity of Unitary Equipment
David Godwin, P.E., Member, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA

3. Computer Model Predictions of Dehumidification Performance of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Under Extreme Operating Conditions
Jason LeRoy, Student Member, The Trane Company, Tyler, TX; Eckhard Groll, Ph.D., Member, and James Braun, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN

Seminar 10
Room: Dominion Ballroom North
Case Studies of Industrial Ventilation
Sponsor: TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation; TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan, SHG Inc.
Chair: Vitthal Shah, P.E., Associate Member, Abbott Laboratories, Abbot Park, IL
Effective ventilation and air conditioning systems in an industrial environment is becoming a mandatory requirement for employee health and for the production of a quality product. The system must adapt to the changing environment without interfering with the manufacturing process itself. This seminar presents detail of design, installation and effectiveness of an actual system in a varied industrial environment.

1.Design of a Hood Upgrade Using CFD
Glenn Schuyler, P.E., Member, RWDI, Guelph, ON, Canada

2. Air Displacement Ventilation
Gerry Martin, Member, Xetex Inc., Minneapolis, MN

3. Aircraft Wing Air Conditioning
Hassan Bagheri, Ph.D., P.E., Member, P2S Engineering, Long Beach, CA

4. The Treatment of Dust and Fume Generated by Forge Presses
A. Lee Twombly, Member, DCE, Inc., Louisville, KY

Seminar 11
Room: Civic Ballroom
Energy Conservation in Laboratories
Sponsor: TC 9.10 Laboratory Systems
Chair: George Sestak, P.E., Member, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Wilmington, DE
APC Liaison: Chad Dorgan, P.E., Dorgan Associates Inc.
Given the safety considerations in laboratory ventilation systems, laboratories are among the most energy intensive facilities. This seminar provides insight into methods and systems that can be incorporated in laboratory systems that could reduce energy consumption. The presenters examine how to evaluate the most cost effective system, the use of diversity in designing a laboratory system, the use of heat wheels as a means of heat recovery, the incorporation of diversity into the systems and a review of some easy traps to fall into.

1. Application of Energy Wheel Technology to Laboratories
Donald Byrnas, P.E., Associate Member, DEDC, Newark, DE

2. Energy Efficient Labs-One Size Doesn't Fit All
Gregory DeLuga, P.E., Member, Landis and Staefa, Buffalo Grove, IL

3. The Use of Diversity in Laboratory Design
Christopher Robertson, Member, Phoenix Controls, Newton, MA

4. Energy Conservation - Laboratory Concerns and Issues
Leonard Schwartz, P.E., Member, Strategic Planning & Engineering, Basking Ridge, NJ

Seminar 12
Room: Conference C
Firestopping - What's Really Needed for HVAC Systems?
Sponsor: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke
Chair: Chas Magdanz, P.E., Member, HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE
APC Liaison: James Buckley, P.E., 3D/International
Firestopping of piping and ductwork no longer involves simply putting mud, concrete, or angle iron around a penetration. Code officials across the continent are strongly enforcing requirements for high-tech Through Penetration Fire Stopping assemblies. These requirements vary somewhat among model codes and considerably among code officials who seem to be focusing inordinately on the mechanical discipline. This seminar explains the basics of high-tech TPFS assemblies, then takes you on a tour through the perspectives of building owner, contractor, and consulting engineer. A construction attorney will close the seminar with explanations of current litigation trends and discussions of methods to diminish and possibly to avoid liability.

1. Understanding Fire Test Standards and their Use in Model Building Codes
Larry Whitty, 3M Fire Protection Products, London, ON, Canada

2. The Owner's Perspective
Harvey Brickman, P.E., Member, Tishman Realty & Construction Co., Inc., New York, NY

3. Guideline for Through Penetration Firestopping
Robert Wasilewski, Member, SMACNA, Chantilly, VA

4. Firestopping and Contract Documents
Chas Magdanz, P.E., Member, HDR Architecture, Inc., Omaha, NE

5. How to Avoid Firestopping Liability
Karen Layng, Vedder Price, Chicago, IL

Seminar 13
Room: Conference G
First Time at a Society Meeting - This Seminar's For You!
Sponsor: ASHRAE Program Committee
Chair: Marvin Thedford, P.E., Member, TU Electric, Dallas, TX
APC Liaison: Marvin Thedford, P.E., TU Electric
This seminar introduces new meeting attendees to the events of a Society meeting-how to get involved in a technical committee, what is the difference between a symposium and a seminar, and how to become part of the meeting program. The role of ASHRAE staff in a meeting and the events that surround the AHR Exposition are explained. And if you're not having fun yet, the technical tours, guest and "special' events (how to have fun at ASHRAE) are discussed.

1. Technical Committees, Technical Programs and Committee Meetings at a Society Meeting
Maureen Grasso, Ph.D., Member, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC

2. ASHRAE Staff and Their Role in a Society Meeting
Michael Pate, Ph.D., Member, Iowa State University, Ames, IA

3. The Exposition, Technical Tours and The Fun Side of a Society Meeting
Sally McInerny, P.E., Member, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL

Seminar 14
Room: Cinema 2
Is that Odor Irritating??!!
Sponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment
Chair: Paul Nelson, Ph.D., Member, R. J. Reynolds, Winston-Salem, NC
This seminar presents both basic and specific information about the perception and characterization of odor and irritation. Speakers discuss such areas as how do we smell and why do some things irritate us. They describe how odors can be measured, give an example of an experiment to simultaneously monitor odor and irritations during controlled exposure to a complex mixture and explain the influence of psychological factors on the way odors are perceived.

1. Human Chemosensation
Martin Kendal-Reed, Ph.D., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC

2. Odor and Irritation in Controlled Laboratory Exposures
James Walker, Ph.D., R.J. Reynolds, Winston-Salem, NC

3. Psychological Influences on Odor Perception
Pamela Dalton, Ph.D., Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA

Forum 9
Room: Essex
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Should There Be a Standard for Motor "Running" Power Factor for HVAC Equipment?
Sponsor: TC 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control; TC 1.9 Electrical Systems; TC 8.1 Positive Displacement Compressors
Moderator: John Tolbert, Member, Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, P.E., Alabama Power Company
Even though most HVAC system component manufacturers design their products to meet efficiency versus cost targets, maximizing power factor is not a priority. Is the true power being consumed more important than any volt-amp level? Are the industry load point standards resulting in "lousy" power factors at real world loads? Who really cares about power factor? These are a few concerns explored in this forum, which will include single and three phase discussions.

Forum 10
Room: Conference D/E
1:00 PM - 1:50 PM
Specific Design Modification Factors for Window Condensation Ratings: A Practical and Worthwhile Exercise
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
Moderator: Michael Glover, Member, Bowmead Technology Ltd, Ottawa, ON, Canada
It has been proposed that ASHRAE should develop a system of design factors that will allow for the modification of standard condensation resistance ratings. This forum debates whether this would be a practical and worthwhile exercise.

Forum 11
Room: Essex
2:00 PM - 2:50 PM
Two-Step versus Variable Speed, How Do They Really Compare?
Sponsor: TC 8.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control; TC 8.1 Positive Displacement Compressors; TC 1.9
Moderator: John Tolbert, Member, Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, P.E., Alabama Power Company
This forum explores the pros and cons of two-step versus variable speed. Issues include performance, cost and reliability.

Forum 12
Room: Conference D/E
2:00 PM - 2:50 PM
Who Is Liable for an Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease?
Sponsor: TC 3.6 Corrosion and Water Treatment
Moderator: Mark Hodgson, Associate Member, Clayton Group Services, Inc., Edison, NJ
This forum discusses who is liable when a building is implicated as the source of a Legionnaires' disease outbreak. Issues include what types of legal action can be expected, what can be done to minimize owner's liability and what level of penalties can be expected from such actions.

Symposium TO-98-10
Room: Conference C
Annual Energy Rating of Fenestration: Where Are We Now?
Sponsor: TC 4.5 Fenestration
Chair: Francois Dubrous, P.E., M.Sc., Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
APC Liaison: Janet Lynch, Johnson Controls Inc.
Following the extraordinary developments in energy-efficient fenestration technologies, it was recognized that measures ought to be developed to assist the consumers in making appropriate choices that meet their needs. The United States and Canada went to work and developed their own annual energy rating systems. It is now time to take a close look at those twosystems, and get a good grasp of what are the differences and similarities. The ultimate question is: is it possible to harmonize these systems.

1. The Impact of Windows on Residential Energy Use
Susan Reilly, P.E., Member, and Wendy Hawthorne, P.E., Enermodal Engineering, Inc., Denver, CO

2. Are Window Energy Performance Selection Requirements in Line with Product Design in Heating-Dominated Climates?
Roger Henry, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and Francois Dubrous, P.E., Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

3. Window Annual Energy Rating Systems: What They Tell Us About Residential Window Design and Selection
Steven Carpenter, P.E., Member, and Steve Miller, and Alex McGowan, P.E., Member, Enermodal Engineering Ltd., Kitchener, ON, Canada

Symposium TO-98-11
Room: Conference B
Room Air Conditioners: Recent Research and Development
Sponsor: TC 7.5 Room Air Conditioners and Dehumidifiers
Chair: Gregory Rosenquist, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
APC Liaison: Ronald H. Howell, Ph.D., P.E., University of South Florida
Although total annual shipments of room air conditioners in the United States have exceeded four million over the past several years, there seems to be relatively little research dedicated to this cooling appliance. This symposium presents research activities specific to room air conditioners that provide new analytical models for estimating equipment performance as well as providing possible new designs for improving equipment efficiency.

1. Development and Validation of a Room Air Conditioning Simulation Model (4218)
Casey Mullen, Bently Systems Inc., Exton, PA; Brian Bridges, Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN; Kevin Porter, Carrier Transicold, Syracuse, NY; Gregory Hahn, Air Quality Systems, Kerrville, TX; Clark Bullard, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

2. Cost Efficiency Analysis in Support of the Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners
Gregory Rosenquist, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

3. Experimental Study of an R-407c Drop-In Test of an Off-the-Shelf Air Conditioner with a Counter-Cross-Flow Evaporator
Vince Mei, Ph.D., P.E., R. Domitrovice and F.C. Chen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Seminar 15
Room: Cinema 2
Case Studies of Internal Discharge Makeup Air Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Hoods
Sponsor: TC 5.10 Kitchen Ventilation
Chair: Kevin Knappmiller, Ph.D., Member, KEVTEC, LLC, Frisco, CO
APC Liaison: Robert M. Suggs III, P.E., R M Suggs Company
This seminar presents several case studies demonstrating how integral makeup internal discharge (short circuit) commercial kitchen exhaust hoods can be applied or misapplied. These case studies address some of the points of confusion and misinformation regarding the application of this type of hood.

1. Potential Problems with Application of Short Circuit Exhaust Hoods
Joe Knapp, Member, McDonald's Corp., Oak Brook, IL

2. Case Study of a Kitchen Exhaust Hood for a Deli in a Supermarket
Atma Advani, P.E., Fellow, Atma Advani, San Diego, CA

3. Providing Energy Savings to Existing Projects
Tom Carter, Associate Member, Vent Master, Mississauga, ON, Canada

4. Varying Compensating Airflow Rates in Internal Discharge Kitchen Hoods
Scott Jasper, P.E., Associate Member, Taylor Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA

5. Case Study: Retrofit of a "Short-Circuit" Kitchen Hood to Improve Performance
Gary Elovitz, P.E., Member, Energy Economics, Inc., Newton, MA

Seminar 16
Room: Dominion Ballroom North
Emerging Technologies--Heat Exchanger Miniaturization
Sponsor: TC 1.3 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow; TC 8.4 Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment, TC 8.5 Liquid-to Refrigerant Heat Exchangers
Chair: Arthur E. Bergles, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, Rensellaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
Miniaturized, high performance heat exchangers equipment will play a critical role in the next generation of energy conversion equipment. Heat exchangers are key elements of almost all thermal conversion devices in many industrial sectors, including HVAC/R, power and process industries. This seminar focuses on emerging technologies in miniaturization of heat exchangers equipment. Five speakers present the latest developments and technological advancements in such technologies as micro channels, use of active enhancement techniques and special geometry.

1. Microscale Forced Convection Heat Transfer
Timothy Ameel, Ph.D., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

2. Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Flat Plate Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Judith Cuta, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA

3. Review and Design Considerations for Microchannel Evaporators and Condensors
Anthony Jacobi, Ph.D., Member, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

4. Applications of Microchannel Heat Exchangers in Commercial Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
James Zess, P.E., Member, Zess Technologies, Inc., Vancouver, WA

5. Towards Smart, Variable Capacity Heat Exchangers
Michael Ohadi, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Seminar 17
Room: Cinema 1
Preparing Your Facility for the 21st Century: Part 1
Sponsor: TC 9.1 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems; TC 9.7 Testing and Balancing; , TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioing Applications
Chair: Carl Lawson, Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Chantilly, VA
APC Liaison: James Vallort, NICOR, Inc
With new technologies cropping up, new items need to be discussed so building owners can be prepared to make a decision that will continually benefit them and their building systems. How these various technologies will affect the building, operators and owners in the next century is addressed. Questions relating to performance contracting, and how deregulation will affect the owner, ISO standards, energy and controls are answered. The liability and legal issues that the A/Es and owners will be facing and how to curtail them are examined as well as operations and maintenance questions and the issues of construction inspections. All of these will have a dynamic impact on the construction industry in the 21st century.

1. Control Considerations for the 21st Century
Gil Avery, P.E., Fellow, Kele & Associates, Memphis, TN

2. Deregulation for the 21st Century
Harold Crowder, Member, Virginia Power, Richmond, VA

3. Energy Considerations for the 21st Century
Robert Cox, P.E., Member, Avanti Technologies, Inc., St Louis, MO

4. Documentation and Training for Operations and Maintenance
Walter Janus, P.E., Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Chantilly, VA

5. Forensic Trends from the Perspective of the Design Professional
Rodney Lewis, P.E., Fellow, Rodney Lewis & Associates, Houston, TX

Seminar 18
Room: Conference G
Pulse-Jet Baghouses - Pleated Cartridge or Bag Filter?
Sponsor: TC 5.4 Industrial Process Air Cleaning
Chair: Gerhard Knutson, Ph.D., Member, Knutson Ventilation, Edina, MN
APC Liaison: James S. Buckley, P.E., 3D/International
The pleated cartridge filters have significant advantages; however, they introduce some problems. The engineer selecting the appropriate type of air cleaning device has several factors to consider while selecting the proper applications. This seminar addresses the selection of cartridge filters, pressure drop across the media, comparison of the performance of cartridge filters and cylindrical bags, and the effect of operating parameters on filter performance.

1. Pressure Drop Comparison of Pleated Cartridge and Bag Filters Under Clean and Dust Loading Conditions
David Pui, Ph.D., Member, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

2. Selection, Cleaning Systems and Applications of Cartridge Collectors
Joseph Topmiller, P.E., Member, United Air Specialists, Cincinnati, OH

3. Pleated Cartridge or Clyndrical Bags in Pulse-Jet Baghouses?
Eugene Lindsay, Member, ERP, Inc., Wheaton, IL

4. Practical Experiences with Cartridge Filter Dust Collectors
James Friedman, P.E., Rust Environment & Infrastructure, Minneapolis, MN

Seminar 19
Room: Civic Ballroom
Centrifugal Chiller Operating Considerations: Part 1
Sponsor: TC 8.2 Centrifugal Machines
Chair: Fred Betz, P.E., Member, ZBA Inc., Cincinnati, OH
APC Liaison: Michael B. Pate, Ph.D., P.E., Iowa State University
This seminar is the first of a two part series. The first speaker presents a discussion on controlling central chilled water plants; the second speaker discusses reducing water flow in central chilled water systems; and the third speaker presents a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of designing and operating chillers in series versus parallel from an energy usage, capital cost and flexibility standpoint.

1. Controlling Central Chilled Water Plants
Jim Baird, Member, York International, York, PA

2. Exploiting Low Flow
Donald Eppelheimer, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, LaCrosse, WI

3. Chillers in Series or Parallel
Fred Betz, Member, ZBA Inc., Cincinnati, OH

Seminar 20
Room: Dominion Ballroom S
The Latest Control Communications Technologies
Sponsor: TC 1.4 Control Theory and Application; TC 4.11 Smart Building Systems
Chair: James Gartner, Member, Sterling, Cincinnati, OH
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan, SHG Inc.
With DDC controls, interoperability and "smart buildings," rapid and clear communication is essential. At the same time, reduction in installation, energy, O & M and life cycle costs are constantly sought. Whether between sensors and controllers, controllers and operators or global networks, indoor environmental excellence depends on solid basic systems and applications. This seminar presents existing and future developments to achieve increasing sophistication.

1. Wireless Technology Applied to Zone Temperature Control
Brian Fiegen, The Trane Company, La Crosse, WI

2. BACnet(TM) and the Internet Protocols
H. Michael Newman, Member, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

3. Optical Sensor and Networking Research and Development
Kathleen Radke, Member, Honeywell Technology Center, Minneapolis, MN

4. Leveraging Communications Standards for Use in Building Automation and Control Systems
Terry Hoffmann, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI

Forum 13
Room: Conference D/E
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
Deregulation Electric Rate Structure Update: What Impact on Thermal Energy Storage?
Sponsor: TC 6.9 Thermal Storage
Moderator: Douglas Reindl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
APC Liaison: James Vallort, NICOR, Inc.
This forum explores the diversity of electric utility rate structures and the impact of those rate structures on design and operation of systems utilizing thermal energy storage. An overview will be provided of new and evolving electric utility rate structures and their influence on thefeasibility of thermal energy storage technologies. Discussion questions include: Will thermal storage design strategies change? What are the risks? What information do engineers require to effectively evaluate system alternatives? And to what degree are the economic projections for given system alternatives uncertain?

Forum 14
Room: Essex
8:00 AM - 8:50 AM
What are the Implications of the Kyoto Protocol for Global Warming on HVAC Systems Design?
Sponsor: TC 5.7 Evaporative Cooling; TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Application, TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning
Moderator: Mark Lentz, P.E., Member, LEA, Inc., Kohler, WI
Co-Moderator: Wayne Lawton, Associate Member, Giffles Associates, Southfield, MI
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, P.E., Alabama Power Company
This forum examines the Global Climate Change Treaty and its implications for HVAC design. Reduction and caps on emissions of greenhouse effect-causing gasses will limit the amount of fuel that can be consumed for transportation, air conditioning etc. Cooling alternatives are examined.

Forum 15
Room: Conference D/E
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Moisture Migration in a Building with Localized Humidity Control
Sponsor: TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications
Moderator: W. Ted Ritter, P.E., Life Member, Mc Guire Engineers, Chicago, IL
This forum discusses system design for attaining a lower humidity in a specific section of a building, such as a large retail facility with a grocery section. Issues explored include effectiveness of the design, criteria for sizing moisture removal and airflow and whether ASHRAE should sponsor research to determine design feasibility and sizing procedures.

Forum 16
Room: Essex
9:00 AM - 9:50 AM
Who Needs Moisture Calculations in Building Energy Simulations? What Do You Need?
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations
Moderator: Michael Brandemuehl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, P.E., Alabama Power Company
Most building energy simulation programs provide very simple analysis of moisture transfer. However, moisture transfer can have a large impact on the design and energy use of HVAC systems. This forum identifies the need for moisture calculations by the design and energy analysis community.

Symposium TO-98-12
Room: Dominion Ballroom N
Baseline Calculations for Measurement and Verification of Energy and Demand Savings
Sponsor: TC 4.7 Energy Calculations
Chair: Robert Sonderreger, Ph.D., Member, SRC Systems Inc., Berkeley, CA
APC Liaison: Janet Lynch, Johnson Controls Inc.
Energy-saving measures are installed in a facility for the purpose of realizing energy and demand savings over future years. The amount of such savings is generally estimated by subtracting the actual, post-measure, usage, from a baseline. However, the accuracy of the savings estimation is limited by the accuracy with which the baseline can be calculated. This symposium showcases state-of-the-art techniques for baseline calculation, emphasizing both the analytical aspects involved as well as actual field experience.

1. Baseline Calculations for Measurement and Verification of Energy and Demand Savings in a Revolving Loan Program in Texas
Jeff Haberl, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; Sabaratnan Thamilseran, Ph.D., P.E., Student Member, ADM & Associates, Sacramento, CA; Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; David Calridge, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Dennis O'Neal, Ph.D., P.E., Member, and W. Dan Turner, Ph.D., P.E., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

2. Baseline Calculations for Measurement and Verification of Energy and Demand Savings
Robert Sonderegger, Ph.D., Member, SRC Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA

3. Alternative Approaches to Baseline Estimation Using Calibrated Simulations
Marc Schuldt and Jeffery Romberger, P.E., Associate Member, SBW Consulting, Inc., Bellevue, WA

4. The Significant Role of Energy Calculations in the Success of Long Term Energy Guarantees
James Willson, P.E., Member, Honeywell, Inc., Indianapolis, IN

5. The Effects of Varying Indoor Air Temperature and Heat Gain on the Measurement of Retrofit Savings
John Kelly Kissock, Ph.D., Member, and Huxley Joseph, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; John McBride, New Horizon Technologies, Butte, MT

Symposium TO-98-13
Room: Conference G
Employing Modeling in the Design for Heat, Air and Moisture Performance of Residential and Commercial Building Envelope Systems
Sponsor: TC 4.9 Building Envelope Systems
Chair: Achilles Karagiozis, Ph.D., Institute for Research in Construction, Ottawa, ON, Canada
This symposium addresses the use of modeling in the hygrothermal design of building envelope systems. Energy and durability implications of wall designs is the primary concern of envelope designers. Modeling can provide the necessary inputs for design decisions, and permits the assessment of performance requirements. This symposium includes some of the most state of the art modeling applications of envelope systems. Innovative materials systems are introduced, long-term heat and moisture performances of envelope parts are evaluated, and new modeling approaches are introduced that integrate the activities required by designers.

1. The Smart Vapor Retarder - An Innovation Incited by Computer Simulations
Hartwig Kunzel, Ph.D., Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Holzkirchen, Germany

2. The Prediction of Hygrothermal Performance of Building Envelope Parts Coupled with Indoor Climate
Mikael Salonvaara, Member, VTT Building Technology, Espoo, Finland

3. Boundary Element Analysis of Uncoupled Quasistatic Hygrothermo-elasticity for Two Dimensional Composite Walls
Hideki Shibaike, Ph.D., Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan; Achilles Karagiozis, Ph.D., National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

4. Latent Heat Flow in Light Weight Roofs and its Influence on the Thermal Performance of Buildings
Carsten Rode, Ph.D., Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Claus Rudbeck, Department of Buildings and Energy, Lyngby, Denmark

5. Performance Based Development of a Thermally Insulated Roof Pitch System
Hugo Hens, Ph.D., University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium

Symposium TO-98-14
Room: Dominion Ballroom South
New Developments in the Field of Commercial Kitchen Ventilation
Sponsor: TC 5.10 Kitchen Ventilation
Chair: Richard Swierczyna, Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Wood Dale, IL APC Liaison: Robert M. Suggs III, P.E., R M Suggs Company
The symposium presents current developments and findings in commercial kitchen ventilation research from industry and TC 5.10, Kitchen Ventilation. The symposium includes developments in the areas of commercial cooki